非金属碳基丙烷直接脱氢制丙烯催化剂研究进展

Advanced in carbon-based propane dehydrogenation catalysts

采用绿色可持续的催化剂替代传统贵金属或过渡金属催化剂是目前工业催化领域研究的重要方向。作为绿色催化剂中的重要成员之一,多孔碳基材料由于其独特的孔道结构、较大的比表面积、丰富的表面含氧官能团以及良好的导电性和抗腐蚀性,被广泛应用于生物、医药、电池和化工领域。近年来,非金属碳基催化剂被发现是一种良好的丙烷脱氢催化剂,具有替代传统Pt基和Cr基催化剂的应用前景,得到广泛关注。一般而言,碳基催化剂的催化活性与其表面性质和孔道结构有很大关系:(1)碳材料表面的含氧官能团、杂原子和缺陷位点等可以作为活性中心,活化丙烷分子中的碳氢键,实现脱氢的目的;(2)碳材料的孔道结构和电子特性等会影响反应物丙烷和反应产物丙烯分子的扩散和传质,进而影响碳基催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中的活性、选择性和稳定性。综述近年来丙烷直接脱氢制丙烯碳基催化剂的研究进展,详细比较不同碳材料之间的优缺点和性能差异,系统讨论碳材料的活性位点和物化性质对其催化性能的影响,并对未来碳基丙烷脱氢催化剂的发展方向和应用前景进行展望。

The replacement of noble metal and transition metal catalysts with green and sustainable nonmetallic materials has drawn great attentions in the field of industrial catalysis.As an important green catalyst,nanocarbons have been widely used in various fields including biology,medicine,battery and chemical engineering and so on,due to their special pore structure,large surface area,abundant surface functional oxygen groups and good electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.In recent years,carbon-based catalyst is found to be a good propane dehydrogenation catalyst to substitute traditional Pt-and Cr-based catalysts.In general,the catalytic performances of nanocarbons are strongly dependent on their surface and structure properties:(1)The surface functional oxygen groups,heteroatoms and defects of nanocarbons can act as the active sites for activating the C-H bonds of propane;(2)The porosity and electronic properties of nanocabrons can affect the diffusion and mass transportation of propane and propylene,and thus,affect their catalytic activity,selectivity and stability toward propane dehydrogenation.In this work,we provide the current investigations on the nanocarbon catalysts used in the direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene.A detailed comparison and discussion of the active sites,influencing factors(surface and structure properties),and the advantages and disadvantages of different nanocarbons are presented.Furthermore,rational design and synthesis of high-performance carbon-based catalysts for propane dehydrogenati on are proposed and discussed.