戏剧治疗在欧美国家的发展与应用

The Development and Application of Dramatherapy in European and American Countries

戏剧治疗产生于欧美,它的发展过程有两条独立的线索。其理论基础包括戏剧、剧场、角色理论和发展性转化。递进性的过程、多样化的媒材,以及投射与角色是戏剧治疗的显著特点。通过角色扮演、即兴创作与剧场呈现等方法技术帮助来访者宣泄情绪、审视自我,从而实现自我整合。戏剧治疗对智力与发展障碍儿童的干预效果显著,戏剧治疗还被广泛应用于对精神分裂症患者、痴呆症患者、毒品或酒精等物质上瘾群体,以及暴力或性虐待受害者心理问题的干预。梳理戏剧治疗在欧美国家的发展与应用给我国推广戏剧治疗带来启示。

Dramatherapy generates in European and American countries,which development process has two independent clues.Its theoretical basis includes drama,theater,role theory and developmental transformation.Progressive process,diverse materials,projection and role are prominent features of dramatherapy.Through role play,improvisation and theater presentation,clients express their emotions,examine themselves and realize self-integration.Dramatherapy has been shown to be effective in the intervention for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities,and has been widely used to the intervention for schizophrenia,dementia,drug or alcohol addiction,and the psychological problems of victims of violence or sexual abuse.The development and application of dramatherapy in European and American countries bring implications to the promotion of dramatherapy in China.