“习俗”及其四个维度--关于柏拉图《理想国》的思考

“Customs” and Its Four Dimensions--Some Thoughts about Plato’s The Republic

"自然"是古典政治哲学的核心主题。很多学者认为,柏拉图的理想国是借由理性发现的一个自然方案,与习俗性的事物无关,且知识作为一般性的真理,无涉经验性的事物;柏拉图的正义城邦也只是一个纯然的理想城邦。然而,从理想国的四个维度:自然、理性、知识、正义上来看,习俗始终循着柏拉图的脚步。由此整理出的习俗观点及其四个维度上的表现说明了柏拉图并不是全然的否定习俗。"理想"一词不是柏拉图的术语。虽然古典政治哲学依"自然"而论,但以柏拉图思想为代表的古典政治哲学对于政治现实的关怀绝不会因为对自然本性的理想追求而减弱。

"Nature" is the core theme of classical political philosophy.Many scholars believe that Plato’s city-state is a natural solution discovered by reason, which has nothing to do with customs, and knowledge as a general truth, without empirical things.Plato’s just city-state is also a purely ideal city-state.However, from the four dimensions of the ideal city-state: nature, reason,knowledge,and justice,the customs has always followed the footsteps of Plato.The resulting customs views and its four dimensions show that Plato is not a complete negation of the customs.The word "ideal" is not a term for Plato.Although classical political philosophy is based on"nature",the classical political philosophy represented by Plato’s thoughts will never be weakened by the ideal pursuit of natural nature.