论生命伦理学中的人的尊严概念

Human Dignity in Bioethical Research

人的尊严概念亟需得到清晰说明。在生命伦理学语境中,人的尊严可以在三种意义上合理地使用,即人类物种的尊严、普遍尊严和获得性尊严。人类物种的尊严是作为一个整体的人类物种所拥有的尊严,它的基础是人类物种的典型本质,它的道德要求是保护人类的本质不受侵蚀。个体层面的尊严分为普遍尊严和获得性尊严。普遍尊严是每个人平等具有的道德地位,为全体人类成员赋予了平等的基本权利。获得性尊严是每个人通过体现了人类卓越性的行为在不同程度上获得的。它不是一种道德地位,但可以给人树立更高的道德目标。

The concept of human dignity needs to be clearly interpreted.In the context of bioethics,human dignity has three reasonable meanings,namely the dignity of human species,universal dignity and acquired dignity.The dignity of human species is the dignity for human species as a whole.It comes from the nature of human species.Its moral requirement is to protect human nature from being eroded.Universal dignity is moral status.It grants equal rights to all human being.Acquired dignity is acquired by individuals in different degree.It is not a kind of moral status,but it can set a higher goal for moral practice.