新中国社会福利制度的发展与变迁

The development and changes of social welfare system in China

新中国社会福利制度可以分为计划经济时期和市场经济时期两个大的发展阶段。在计划经济时期,初步形成了老年人福利、儿童福利、残疾人(精神病人)福利、社会福利生产几个制度板块,具有疗救性、生产性、残补性等制度特征。改革开放以来,社会福利制度开始从国家化走向社会化、市场化和国际化。特别是随着"社会福利社会化"等制度设计理念的转型,市场经济时期的老年人福利、儿童福利、残疾人福利、社会福利企业有了新的制度内容,并发展出福利彩票等制度板块。总体来看,市场经济时期社会福利制度的发展,体现出多元化、边缘化、普惠化几个特征。社会福利制度的未来发展,应当进一步细化社会福利的制度内容、扩大社会福利的制度内涵、明确政府责任。

There are two stages in the process of the development of social welfare system in China, the planned economy period and the market economy period. In the period of planned economy, several institutional sectors, such as the elderly welfare, the child welfare, the disabled(mental patients) welfare, and the social welfare production unit, have been formed initially, which have the characteristics of curing, productive, and residual. Since the reform and opening up, the social welfare system has changed from nationalization to socialization, marketization and globalization. Especially with the transformation of system design idea such as socialization of social welfare, the elderly welfare, the child welfare, the disabled welfare and the social welfare enterprises have new contents in the period of market economy, also have developed the welfare lottery and other system sectors. Generally speaking, the development of social welfare system in the period of market economy embodies the characteristics of pluralism, marginalization and universalization. The future development of social welfare system in China should further refine the system content of social welfare, expand the connotation of social welfare system, and clarify the government responsibility.