2005-2018年贵阳市托幼儿童传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics and trend of infectious diseases of kindergarten children in Guiyang City from 2005 to 2018

目的了解贵阳市托幼儿童传染病发病特征和流行趋势,为卫生行政部门制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2005-2018年贵阳市托幼儿童传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2005-2018年贵阳市共报告托幼儿童传染病24种63858例,死亡20例,年均发病率为4043.87/10万。无甲类传染病报告,乙类、丙类和非法定传染病年均发病率分别为215.50/10万、3005.70/10万、822.67/10万。发病数居前5位依次为手足口病、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病及猩红热。男生发病高于女生,男女性别比为1.47:1。报告免疫规划类传染病6525例,占发病总数的10.28%。结论贵阳市托幼儿童人群中流行的传染病种类多,发病率高,是重点关注人群。免疫规划疫苗可预防性传染病大幅下降。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of infectious diseases of kindergarten children in Guiyang City,so as to provide the evidence for the health administrative department formulating the prevention and control strategy.Methods The epidemiological data of infectious diseases of kindergarten children in Guiyang City from 2005 to 2018 were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.Results From2005 to 2018,a total of 63 858 cases of infectious diseases(24 kinds) of kindergarten children were reported in Guiyang City,with 20 deaths.The annual average incidence was 4 043.87/105.No cases of category A infectious diseases were reported.The annual average incidences of category B,category C infectious diseases and other infectious diseases were 215.50/105,3 005.70/105 and 822.67/105 respectively.The five infectious diseases with the top incidences were hand-fool-mouth disease,varicella,mumps,other infectious diarrhea,and scarlet fever successively.The incidence of the male was higher than that of the female,and the sex ratio was 1.47:1.Totally 6 525 cases of immunization planning infectious diseases were reported,accounting for 10.28% of the total number of cases.Conclusion The spectrum of infectious diseases of kindergarten children is various,and the incidences are high in Guiyang City.The kindergarten children are key population that should be paid close attention to.The immunization vaccines can dramatically reduce the number of preventable infectious diseases.