身体的文化形塑与疾病的抗争隐喻——完德“酗酒”行为的文化解释

Cultural Shaping of Body and Metaphor of Disease Resistance:Cultural Interpretation ofWan De’s“Alcohol Addiction Behavior”

当代社会理论身体视角的转向,使"身体"日益成为文化人类学重要的研究主题。热贡藏区青年唐卡画师完德"酗酒"行为的现象学还原与个人生活史的民族志再现,展示了"身体"与特定文化意义之网的双向关系:社会文化以不可见的方式形塑和驯服个体的身体,身体则以疾病与苦痛加以回应和抗争。这种双向关系一方面呈现了身体的文化向度,另一方面表明疾病的文化隐喻:疾病不仅仅源于生物性的"机体障碍",它亦可能是身体应对"文化张力"的抗争方式。在社会转型的时代语境中,将人类学意义上的"文化解释"纳入疾病研究,在普通人的生活世界中理解、厘清疾病发生的文化逻辑,对于当前的中国具有深远的现实意义。

As contemporary social theories have turned to body perspective,body has increasingly become an important research topic in cultural anthropology.Phenomenological restoration of alcohol addiction behavior put forward by Wan De the young Thang-ga painter in Tibetan area Regong,and representation of ethnography in his life history show the two-way relationship between body and net of specific cultural meaning:Social culture invisibly shapes and tames individual’s body,which in turn responds and resists with disease and pain.This two-way relationship unfolds cultural dimension of body on the one hand and the cultural metaphor of disease on the other.Disease not only stems from biological“organism disorder”,but may be body’s way of coping with cultural tension.In the context of social transformation,it has far-reaching realistic meaning for China to incorporate anthropological cultural interpretation into disease research.This helps comprehend and clarify the cultural logic of disease occurrence in ordinary people’s lives.