周作人的“儿童文学”观念的发生——以日本影响为中心

Germination of Zhou Zuoren’s Concepts of Children’s Literature:Focusing on Japanese Influence

中国儿童文学史的发生是先有理论、后有创作,这一显著特点使得对"儿童文学"观念发生的考察变得尤为重要。周作人是中国儿童文学理论的奠基人。清末民初,他引来西方关于"儿童"的现代观念,建构了"儿童本位"的儿童文学观。"儿童本位""儿童文学",是两个中国儿童文学发生的关键词语。这两个关键词语在周作人阅读并重视的两本日文书籍《应用于教育的儿童研究》《歌咏儿童的文学》中都出现过,可以推断是周作人直接从日语借用过来的。周作人除了在观念上受到日本的影响,其"儿童本位"的情感也受到了日本文学表现儿童的俳句、小说、随笔的影响。

In the germination of Chinese children’s literature,theory was established before the literary writing.This remarkable feature makes it particularly important to investigate the germination of children’s literature concepts.Zhou Zuoren was the founder of Chinese children’s literature theory.At the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,he introduced the Western modern concept of“children”and constructed the concept of children’s literature with“child-orientation”.“Child-orientation”and“children’s literature”are two key words in the germination of Chinese children’s literature.They can be found in two Japanese books Zhou read and valued,Research on Children Applied in Education and The Literature Singing of Children.Thus,it can be inferred that Zhou borrowed them directly from Japanese.In addition,his feeling of“child-orientation”was also influenced by haiku,novels and essays about children in Japanese literature.