差异性表达基因在肝癌研究中的意义及进展

Significance and progress of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma

原发性肝癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,病死率居全球恶性肿瘤前三位。目前有关肝癌的病因、演变与发展机制尚不完全清楚,主要涉及肝炎病毒感染、酒精性肝损害、摄入黄曲霉毒素B1、非酒精性脂肪肝、糖尿病、铁积累等。从分子生物学的角度看,无论是何种因素,最后均会导致肝癌基因的不正常表达,失去对细胞周期的控制,从而诱发肝癌的发生,这也符合恶性肿瘤发展的一般规律。因此,研究与肝癌有关的基因表达有望从根本上了解肝癌分子水平的发生发展,开展有针对性的预防和治疗。现主要对肝癌差异性表达的热点基因Echs1、TOP2A、nme212、CYP2D6*10、ecm1、atf5进行阐述。

Primary liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in clinic,and the mortality rate ranks the top three among global malignant tumor mortality.At present,the etiology,evolution and development mechanism of liver cancer are not fully understood,mainly including hepatitis virus infection,alcoholic liver damage,aflatoxin B1 intake,nonalcoholic fatty liver,diabetes,iron accumulation and so on.From the perspective of molecular biology,no matter what kinds of factors,it will lead to the abnormal expression of liver cancer genes,cause the loss of controlling the cell cycle,thereby induce the occurrence of liver cancer,which is also in line with the general rule of malignant tumor development.Therefore,the study of gene expression related to liver cancer is expected to fundamentally understand the occurrence and development of liver cancer molecular levels,targeted prevention and treatment.This article mainly describes the hotspot genes of differentially expressed genes in liver cancer,including Echs1,TOP2A,nme212,CYP2D6*10,ecm1,and atf5.