焦化废水处理技术及其污泥细菌菌群结构功能研究进展

Coking wastewater treatment technology and its bacterial community structure and function in sludge

焦化废水是一种高负荷、有毒、难降解的有机废水,传统处理工艺难以满足日益严格的排放标准。目前,焦化废水处理系统普遍采用预处理、生物处理和深度处理等组合工艺。生物处理作为整个水处理系统的主体与核心,具有成本低、无二次污染等优点,在难降解有机物的去除方面发挥了至关重要的作用。针对焦化废水极低的可生化性、水质水量波动性较大、生物工艺处理效率低和运行不稳定等问题,本文综述了焦化废水水质分析、监测技术以及多种焦化废水预处理、生物处理和深度处理技术等方面的研究进展,特别是分析了生物处理段污泥微生物菌群结构及其对污染物的去除作用,对各种水处理新技术进行了盘点和展望,以期为今后焦化废水处理技术的优化和新技术的开发提供基础。

Coking wastewater is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with high organic load.The increasingly stringent effluent discharge standards have posed great challenges to traditional coking wastewater treatment processes.Coking wastewater treatment system is typically a combination of pretreatment,biological treatment and advanced treatment.Therein,biological treatment,as the main body and the key segment of the whole system,has the advantages of low cost and no secondary pollution,and plays an important role in the removal of refractory organic matter.However,the biological processes are generally confronted with the problems of low efficiency and unstable operation due to the extremely low biodegradability and large fluctuation of coking wastewater quality.In view of these problems,this paper mainly reviews the analysis techniques of coking wastewater quality as well as various pretreatment,biological treatment and advanced treatment technologies.In particular,the microbial consortium structure and function of degrading-bacteria of pollutant in the bio-treatment section are summarized.The various emerging water treatment technologies are prospected.All these results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of coking wastewater treatment technology and development of the new technology in the future.