发酵菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的营养价值评定

Evaluation of Nutritional Value of Fermented Rapeseed Meal in Growing-finishing Pigs

本研究旨在评定固态发酵菜籽粕(fermented rapeseed meal,FRSM)在生长育肥猪上的营养价值。将16头体重为(71.25±1.23) kg的健康"杜×长×大"去势公猪随机分到4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头猪,4个处理组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮、菜籽粕(rapeseed meal,RSM)饲粮、发酵菜籽粕(fermented rapeseed meal, FRSM)饲粮(分别等氮替代基础饲粮35%的氮)以及无氮饲粮。代谢试验预试期3 d,正式期4 d,采用全收粪尿法测定养分消化率。结果表明:1)发酵菜籽粕混合物发酵后较发酵前pH下降了1.68,粗蛋白质(CP)、水溶性蛋白质(WSP)、酸溶性蛋白质(ASP)和粗脂肪(EE)的含量分别提高了1.91%、52.88%、44.40%和24.27%,17种氨基酸含量均有所提高;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降低了5.21%;异硫氰酸酯(ITC)和噁唑烷硫酮(OZT)的降解率分别达到92.20%和100.00%,单宁和植酸含量分别降低了35.81%和24.22%。2)FRSM干物质的表观消化率为75.28%,显著高于RSM(P<0.05);FRSM的消化能、氮表观(真)消化率和氮表观(真)利用率分别为13.84 MJ·kg^-1、70.89%(72.84%)和68.12%(71.12%),均极显著高于RSM(P<0.01);FRSM的钙、磷和粗灰分的表观消化率与RSM差异不显著(P>0.05)。3) FRSM氨基酸(除半胱氨酸外)的表观(真)消化率均显著或极显著高于RSM(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,通过双菌固态发酵菜籽粕,降低了抗营养因子的含量,提高了菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的养分消化率和利用率,有效地改善了菜籽粕的饲用价值。

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of solid-state fermentation rapeseed meal(FRSM) by metabolic test in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrows with initial body weight of(71.25±1.23) kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments,with 4 replicates per treatment and 1 pig per repeat. The 4 diets were corn-soybean meal basal diet, rapeseed meal(RSM) diet, fermented rapeseed meal(FRSM) diet(35% nitrogen(N) of basal diet were substituted by RSM or FRSM) and N-free diet. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of fermented rapeseed meal, the metabolic trial lasted for 7 days, the adaptation period was 3 days and the formal period was 4 days.All feces and urine were collected during formal period in order to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Results showed that: 1)The pH of fermented rapeseed meal mixture decreased by 1.68 after fermentation, and the contents of crude protein(CP), water-soluble protein(WSP), acid-soluble protein(ASP) and crude fat(EE) increased by 1.91%, 52.88%, 44.40% and 24.27%, respectively;The contents of 17 amino acids were increased. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of FRSM decreased by 5.21%;Isothiocyanate(ITC) degradation rate was 92.20%, oxazolidinone(OZT) degradation rate was 100.00%;Tannin and phytic acid decreased by 35.81% and 24.22%, respectively. 2) The apparent digestibility of dry matter of FRSM was 75.28%, which was significantly higher than that of RSM(P<0.05);Digestible energy, nitrogen apparent(true) digestibility and nitrogen apparent(true) availability of FRSM were 13.84 MJ·kg^-1, 70.89%(72.84%) and 68.12%(71.12%), respectively, which were all extremely significantly higher than those of RSM(P<0.01). The apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus and crude ash were not significant different between FRSM and RSM(P>0.05). 3) All amino acids(except cysteine) apparent(true) digestibility of FRSM were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of RSM(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In summary, by solid state fermentation of RSM with two bacteria, the content of anti-nutritional factors were reduced, the nutrient digestibility and utilization rate of rapeseed meal were increased, and the feeding value of rapeseed meal was effectively improved in growing-finishing pigs.