饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血液生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响

Effects of Feeding Level on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Body Energy Deposition of Male Arctic Foxes during the Growth Period

本试验旨在研究不同饲喂水平对育成生长期雄性北极狐生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的影响。试验选取46只85日龄,平均体重为(3 198±281)g的健康雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组(每组10个重复,每个重复1只),分别为自由采食组(AL)(Ⅰ组)、自由采食量的80%组(IR80)(Ⅱ组)、自由采食量的60%组(IR60)(Ⅲ组)和自由采食量的40%组(IR40)(Ⅳ组)。预试期7 d,试验期55 d,通过饲养试验、血清学试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、血清生化指标及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明:1)Ⅳ组100日龄体重极显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅳ组115日龄、130日龄、145日龄体重和平均日增重(ADG)极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),3组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量(ADMI)呈极显著降低趋势(P<0.01),Ⅲ组料重比(F/G)极显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅳ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与I和Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组血清胆固醇(CHO)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01),Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);对血清甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、球蛋白(GLOB)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、M(IgM)和G(IgG)、补体3(C3)和补体4(C4)、胰岛素(INS)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)随饲喂水平减少,毛皮脂肪沉积及其产热显著降低,Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组毛皮增重和沉积总能量显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05),与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组胴体增重极显著低于其他3组,3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);对毛皮蛋白沉积及其产热、胴体脂肪沉积及其产热、蛋白沉积及其产热和胴体沉积总能量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。采取适当限饲(IR60)降低了育成生长期北极狐血清中糖脂类指标含量,保证了机体正常的生长和健康状态,提高了饲料转化效率,进而增加了养殖生产效益。

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding level on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and body energy deposition of Arctic foxes during the growth period. Forty-six 85-day-old healthy male Arctic foxes with average body weight of(3 198±281)g were selected, including 6 Arctic foxes as slaughter trial control at the beginning of the trial, another 40 Arctic foxes randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate. The foxes were offered diet for ad libitum(AL)(Group Ⅰ), 80%(IR 80)(Group Ⅱ), 60%(IR60)(Group Ⅲ) and 40%(IR 40)(Group Ⅳ) of ad libitum intake, respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 55 days for trial period. The parameters of growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and body energy deposition were evaluated by means of feeding, serological and slaughter trials and chemical analysis methods. The results showed as follows: 1) 100-day-old body weight in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than those in group I and Ⅱ(P<0.01), and no significant difference was found between group Ⅳ and Ⅲ(P>0.05). Body weight at the age of 115,130,145 days and average daily gain(ADG) in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.01),whereas no significant difference was detected among the three groups(P>0.05). With the decrease of feeding level, average dry matter intake(ADFI) showed a extremely significant decrease trend(P<0.01). Feed to gain ratio(F/G) in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found in F/G between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). 2) Serum glucose(GLU) in group Ⅳ was obviously higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found among group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). Serum CHO and LDL-C in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found among group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P>0.05). Serum TP and ALB in group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ(P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between group Ⅱ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). There were no significant effects on serum TG, HDL-C, GLOB, IgA, IgM,IgG,C3, C4 and INS contents within different feed intake levels(P>0.05).3) With the decrease of feeding level, pelt fat deposition and its energy deposition had significantly decreased trend, which was significantly higher in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ than those in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05). Pelt weight gain and total energy deposition in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅳ(P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found among group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P>0.05). Carcass weight gain in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found among group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P>0.05). There were no significant effects on the pelt protein deposition and its energy deposition, carcass fat deposition and its energy deposition, carcass protein deposition and its energy deposition as well as total energy deposition of carcass fed different feed intake levels(P>0.05). Feeding 60% of ad libitum intake(IR60) reduces the contents of serum GLU and lipid parameters, ensures the normal growth and health state of body, improves the feed efficiency, thus increases the benefit of breeding production of Arctic fox during the growth period.