10个新疆梨品种开花生物学及果实品质特征研究

Flowering biology and fruit quality characteristics of 10 Xinjiang pear varieties

了解新疆梨品种的开花生物学及果实品质特征,为其合理利用提供数据参考。在10个新疆梨品种的生殖生长期,对开花物候期、花部特性、花粉特性及果实品质特性等进行测定对比分析。结果表明:除‘艾温切克’‘库尔勒黄酸梨’外,其他8个品种花期一致,但果实成熟期有明显差异;‘库尔勒香梨’与其他品种的花器官特征无明显差异;‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花粉活力较强、单花药花粉量较多;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’等4个品种的单果重较大,显著大于‘库尔勒香梨’;‘艾温切克’的果实硬度最小,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均较高,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异或显著高于‘库尔勒香梨’。综上,‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花期与‘库尔勒香梨’重叠,花粉量较多、萌发率最高,花器官特征与‘库尔勒香梨’接近,可作‘库尔勒香梨’的备选授粉树;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的果实品质及口感好、果实成熟期早,且果皮颜色与其他品种有明显差异,可作为优良育种材料。

To understand the flowering biology and fruit characteristics of Xinjiang pear cultivars, and to provide basal data for their rational utilization. The 10 Xinjiang pear cultivars as the study materials, flowering phenology, floral morphology, and pollen and fruit characteristics of Xinjiang pear cultivars were studied. The other 8 varieties had the same flowering period except for ‘Aiwenqieke’ and ‘Korla Huangsuanli’, but there were an obvious difference in fruit ripening period of different varieties. There was no significant difference in floral organ characteristics between ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ and other varieties. The pollen vigor of ‘Lüli’ and ‘Aksu Jujuli’ was the strongest, and the pollen amount of which also was more. The single fruit weight of 4 cultivars such as of ‘Aiwenqieke’, ‘Lüli’ etc. was the largest, which was significantly larger than that of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’; the fruit firmness of ‘Aiwenqieke’ was the smallest, and there was no significant difference with ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids and vitamin C in ‘Aiwenqieke’ and ‘Lüli’ were high, which was no significant difference with that of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ or was significantly higher than that of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’. The flowering period of ‘Lüli’ and ‘Aksu Jujuli’ with ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ was overlapped, which varieties got the large pollen amount, highest pollen germination rate, and similar flower organ characteristics with ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ that can be used as an alternative pollinizer. The fruit quality and taste of ‘Aiwenqieke’ and ‘Lüli’ were good, the fruit matures early and the peel color was different with that of other varieties that can be used as a good breeding material.