野生欧洲李嫁接育苗技术研究

Grafting seedling technology research of wild European plum

为探索野生欧洲李嫁接繁殖技术,提高其嫁接成活率,以野生欧洲李为研究对象,采用4种不同嫁接方法,研究不同嫁接砧木、嫁接时间、嫁接方法、砧木粗度和嫁接高度对接穗成活率及新梢生长量的影响。结果表明:适合野生欧洲李嫁接的4种不同砧木的优先顺序依次为:栽培欧洲李品种‘女神’>野生樱桃李>野杏>山桃。春季4月中旬以野生樱桃李为砧木嫁接时,适合采用劈接法和嵌芽接法,最高成活率达90.37%;夏季6月中旬、7月中旬嫁接则适合采用T形芽接法,成活率最高为90.93%,且新梢生长快。根据接穗嫁接成活率和成活后生长量筛选出适合野生欧洲李嫁接的砧木粗度为大于14.00 mm。野生欧洲李在7月中旬以‘女神’作砧木,采用T形芽接法嫁接后成活率最高达93.52%。

In order to explore the grafting and breeding technology of wild European plum and improve the grafting survival rate, wild European plum were used as research objects. Four different grafting methods were used to study the grafting survival time of new grafting rootstocks, grafting time, grafting methods, rootstock thickness and graft height. The effect of the amount of shoot growth. The results showed that the priority order of the four different rootstocks suitable for grafting wild European plum was as follows: cultivated European plum variety ‘Goddess’ > wild cherry plum > wild apricot > mountain peach. When the wild cherry plum is grafted into the rootstock in mid-April in spring, it is suitable for the splicing method and the bud grafting. The highest survival rate is 90.37%. In the middle of mid-June and mid-July, the grafting is suitable for T-bud grafting. The survival rate is the highest 90.93%, and the new shoots grow fast. According to the survival rate of grafting and the growth after survival, the rootstock thickness suitable for grafting of wild European plum was more than 14.00 mm. In the middle of July, the wild European plum was used as the rootstock for the cultivation of ‘Goddess’, the grafting rate was up to 93.52% after grafting by T-bud grafting.