西藏人工采集野生松茸提质增效的保护技术与方法

Protective Techniques for Improving Quality and Efficiency of Wild Tricholomamatsutake Collected Artificially in Tibet

野生松茸作为世界珍稀的菌类具有食药兼备的双重作用,具有独特的营养保健功能、美味口感以及经济价值,深受国内外消费者的喜爱和欢迎,野生松茸产业市场前景极其广阔。西藏林芝地区野生松茸资源丰富,采集与收集量较大,有利于带动市场经济发展与推进乡村振兴经济发展,广大农牧民把野生松茸采集作为主要经济收入来源,通过调查研究发现近些年西藏野生松茸菌种数量急速降低、优质野生菌种退化、部分区域病虫害发生严重、环境气候变化异常、人工采集过于严重和非规范化,直接造成的后果就是严重制约野生松茸产业发展,因此本文基于环境资源优化组合利用的理念,就如何因地制宜、科学合理、谨慎开采的原则进行人工采集野生松茸,科学技术提升与推进野生松茸产业的提质增效,保护好珍惜野生物种为未来野生松茸优良品种的更新换代与选育、研究示范与技术推广以及野生松茸农产品加工方面提供技术支撑,促进西藏野生松茸产业可持续健康发展具有重要的意义,仅供学术界进行参考。

As a rare fungus in the world,wild Tricholoma matsutake has dual functions of food and medicine,unique nutritional and health functions,delicious taste and economic value. It is popular with consumers at home and abroad. The market prospect of wild T. matsutake industry is very broad. There are abundant wild T. matsutake resources in Linzhi area of Tibet. The collection and collection of wild T. matsutake are large,which is conducive to driving the development of market economy and promoting the development of rural economy. The majority of farmers and herdsmen regard the collection of wild T. matsutake as the main source of economic income. Through investigation and research,it is found that the number of wild T. matsutake declines rapidly and the quality of wild T. matsutake place. The direct consequence of bacterial degradation,serious occurrence of pests and diseases in some regions,abnormal environmental climate change,excessive artificial collection and non-standardization is to seriously restrict the development of wild matsutake industry. Therefore,based on the idea of optimizing combination and utilization of environmental resources,this paper discusses how to adjust measures to local conditions,scientifically,rationally and prudently. The principle of harvesting wild matsutake is to collect wild matsutake artificially,improve and promote the quality and efficiency of wild matsutake industry by science and technology,protect and cherish wild species,provide technical support for the renewal and breeding of fine wild matsutake varieties in the future,research demonstration and technology popularization,and processing of wild matsutake agricultural products,so as to promote the Tibetan wilderness. Sustainable and healthy development of raw matsutake industry is of great significance,which is only for academic reference.