日本铁路“东京都市圈通勤五方面作战”转型服务启示研究

A Study on the Experiences of Japan National Railway’s Tokyo Five-prong Strategy for Commuting Service

城市化进程中需要解决的一个关键问题,就是为特大或超大城市所形成的都市圈构建轨道通勤体系,不仅城市自身需要加快建设城市轨道交通和市郊铁路,以国家铁路为主体的大铁路转型都市区通勤服务也不可或缺,这对特大超大城市和国铁系统双方都是艰巨挑战,同时也是重要发展契机。日本国铁从1960年代后期开始,实施了以大力强化干线通道、提高通勤能力、缓解乘车拥挤为目标的"东京都市圈通勤五方面作战"取得显著成效,同时推动诸多民营铁路共同加快东京都市圈通勤系统建设,这些研究为形成都市圈"四网融合"的轨道交通网络提供重要借鉴。

One of the major challenges of urbanization is to build a rail transit commuting system for the metropolitan areas around large and mega cities. Not only shall cities themselves accelerate the building of new metro and suburban lines, but also shall national railways who operate mainly mainline railway provide commuting service. This is a huge challenge for both the big cities and the national railway, but also an important opportunity for growth. It is critical for national railway to join the construction of commuting system and provide commuting service. Since late 1960 s, Japan National Railway had implemented Tokyo Five-prong Strategy with the purpose of strengthening mainline corridor, improving commuting service and relieving passenger congestion. At the same time, private railways are also encouraged to join the construction of commuting systems. This study provides a reference for building the urban rail transit system in the metropolitan area with the integration of Four Networks.