论朱舜水居日时期的华夷思想

On Zhu Shunshui's Tributary Thoughts During his Stay in Japan

在朱舜水居日时期,其华夷思想发生了重大转变。他突破传统华夷思想的观念束缚,把在东亚传统族群谱系中被视为"夷狄之国"的日本视为"域外中华"。但与此同时,他又坚守华夷思想固有的陈见,视满清为夷狄,认为满清统治下的中国不幸沦为了"夷狄之国"。这样强烈的认知对比,体现出其华夷思想的矛盾性与复杂性。围绕朱舜水居日时期的华夷思想,对其进行分析与探讨,对于东亚近世华夷思想的演变之梳理,或有一定的积极意义。

When Zhu Shunshui lived in Japan, his tributary thoughts changed significantly. He broke through the civilization scale of the traditional tributary thoughts, and viewed Japan which was regarded as "a tributary country of China" in the traditional ethnic group spectrum of East Asia as "extraterritorial China". At the same time, however, he adhered to the inherent stereotype of the tributary thoughts and regarded China is Qing Dynasty as a tributary country, believing that China under the reign of Qing Dynasty was unfortunately turned into a tributary country. The sharp cognitive contrast reflected the contradictoriness and complexity of his tributary thoughts. Focused on Zhu Shunshui ’s tributary thoughts during his stay in Japan,this essay analyzes and discusses these thoughts, which is of positive significance to some extent for mastering the evolution of the tributary thoughts in the modern times in East Asia.