2793例3岁以下儿童体格发育情况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of physical development in 2793 children under 3 years old

目的:了解0~3岁儿童体格发育情况,为儿童保健的指导和干预提供参考依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,选择安庆市的开发区各社区内常住居民的儿童作为调查对象,按照不同月龄段以接近1∶1的年龄别比例抽取2014-2016年出生的0~3岁儿童最后一次体检的健康档案数据,共收集有效资料2793例。与《WHO儿童生长发育标准》标准进行对比,用WHO推荐的Z评分法进行评价。结果:男女童体质量、身长均高于WHO标准,且生长趋势与参考标准一致。各月龄体质量男童均大于女童(P<0.05~P<0.01);除9个月和30个月外,其他月龄身长(身高)男童均大于女童(P<0.01);身高别体质量和年龄别体质量在中和中上所占比例女童高于男童(P<0.01);0~3岁儿童消瘦率0.7%,低体质量率1.8%,发育迟缓率0.6%,超重率7.4%,肥胖率8.2%。肥胖率和超重率男童高于女童(P<0.01)。结论:总体儿童体格发育情况较好,女童较男童发育情况更合理。营养不良情况仍然存在。儿童肥胖和超重成为儿童保健工作关注的重点。

Objective:To understand the physical development of children aged 0-3 years,and provide the reference for the guidance and intervention of children′s health care.Methods:The survey objects were selected from the permanent residents in the development zones of Anqing city using the means of stratified random sampling.The valid data of 2793 cases were obtained from the last physical examination records of children aged 0-3 years from 2014 to 2016 according to the age ratio of nearly 1∶1 in different age groups.Compared with the WHO standards for child growth and development,the Z-score recommended by WHO was used for evaluation.Results:The body mass and body length of boys and girls were higher than that of WHO standards,and the growth trend was consistent with the reference standards.The body mass in boys at each month were higher than that in girls(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Except for 9 and 30 months,the height of boys in other months was greater than that of girls(P<0.01).The middle and upper middle proportions of height body mass and age body mass in girls were higher than those in boys(P<0.01).The wasted rate,low body mass rate,development delay rate,overweight rate and obesity rate in 0-3 years old children were 0.7%,1.8%,0.6%,7.4%and 8.2%,respectively.The obesity and overweight rates in boys were higher than those in girls(P<0.01).Conclusions:The overall physical development of children is better,and the girl′s development are more reasonable than that in boys.Malnutrition remains,and the obesity and overweight are the prominent problems of children care.