中亚大博弈中的坎巨提问题探源

Research on the Origin of Kanjut Problem in the Great Game of Central Asia

由于国家战略的抵触和自然地理因素的限制,英俄中亚大博弈起始就追求均势平衡,大博弈使坎巨提从世外桃源遽然变成影响英俄中亚均衡战略的重要砝码。为了反制俄国从中国寻求南进突破口,英国迫切需要确定中坎边界,关闭未来俄国可能通过中国抵近英印北部边疆的一切通道,其中1899年出台为划定中坎边界的麦克唐纳线尤为重要。正是在坎巨提划界的过程中,在西藏建立缓冲区的战略构想浮出水面。

Due to national strategic conflicts and natural geographical constraints,the Great Game between Britain and Russia sought balance from the beginning.The Great Game made Kanjut change from an isolated princely state into an important factor influencing the balanced strategy of central Asia.To prevent Russia from penetrating southwards from China,Britain urgently needed to delimit Sino-Kanjut boundary line,and to close all possible future Russian access to the northern border of British India through China.Among all measures,the MacDonald line in 1899 was most important,which aimed at delimiting the Sino-Kanjut border.In the course of delimitation,the strategic concept of developing a"buffer zone"in Tibet was conceived.