有机肥施用量对冬水稻田水稻生长和土壤有机质的影响

Effects of different rates of organic fertilizer application on rice growth and soil organic matter in winter paddy fields

[目的]明确增施有机肥对冬水稻田水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响,探究冬水稻田耕层土壤培肥的有机肥科学用量。[方法]采用大田试验,在施用等量常规化肥基础上,分别设置有机肥施用量为1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000、7 500 kg·hm-2(A1~A5)5个水平,以不施用任何肥料(CK1)和仅施用常规化肥(CK2)为对照,研究不同有机肥施用量对水稻生长、产量及稻田土壤有机质含量的影响。[结果]适当增施有机肥料可提高水稻产量,以A2处理增产率最大,较CK2增产6.44%;A3处理水稻有效穗数和实粒数显著减少,产量降低。施用有机肥可提高水稻籽粒和秸秆养分含量,其中籽粒的氮、磷含量较大,秸秆的钾含量较大;A2处理水稻养分含量及吸收量均最大。施用有机肥可提高冬水稻田土壤总有机质和活性有机质含量,但A2~A5处理间土壤总有机质和活性有机质含量变化不显著。[结论]在常规化肥用量基础上配施1 500~4 500 kg·hm-2有机肥料(A1~A3处理),可提升水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力,是冬水稻田有机肥的适宜用量。

[Purpose] The present paper aimed to determine the effect of increasing organic fertilizer application on rice yield and soil fertility and to explore the optimal application rate of organic fertilizer in winter paddy fields. [Method] Field tests were used involving the same amount of conventional chemical fertilizers, and 1 500 kg·hm-2(A1), 3 000 kg·hm-2(A2), 4 500 kg·hm-2(A3), 6 000 kg·hm-2(A4), and 7 500 kg·hm-2(A5) five levels of organic fertilizer application were compared to study the effect on rice growth, yield and paddy soil organic matter content. No fertilizer at all(CK1) or only conventional chemical fertilizers(CK2) were the controls. [Result](1) Applying organic fertilizers could increase rice yield. A2 treatment had the largest increase(6.44%) compared to CK2. A3 treatment significantly reduced the number of effective ears and grains and reduced rice yield.(2) The nutrient content of rice grain and straw increased with the application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. Among them, the nitrogen and phosphorus content was relatively larger in the grains, and the potassium content of the straws was relatively large. The maximum nutrient content and absorption of rice were obtained from the A2 treatment.(3) Increasing organic fertilizer application could increase the content of soil total organic matter and active organic matter in winter rice fields. However, there was not significantly change in total organic matter and active organic matter content between A2 to A5 treatment. [Conclusion] In summary, the application amount of organic fertilizer in winter paddy fields should be kept between 1 500 to 4 500 kg·hm-2(A1 to A3 treatments) in order to increase the rice yields and improve soil fertility.