走向自治的刑事诉讼法

Construction and Autonomy of Criminal Procedure Law

刑事诉讼法本身的法律属性尚处于欠缺状态,其原因是刑事诉讼法缺乏整体结构的自洽性认知。义务性刑事诉讼规则在结构上可以视为由刑事诉讼行为模式和违反的程序性后果两个相互联结的部分组成,刑事诉讼中的程序性违法行为是不符合刑事诉讼行为模式的行为。刑事诉讼法具有实体真实、程序法定和法律和谐三项目的,它们是具体选择程序性后果应对程序性违法应当考虑的方向。刑事诉讼行为可以分成三组:实体形成行为、程序形成行为和裁判行为;职权行为和非职权行为;绝对无效行为和相对无效行为。参考以上三项目的和三组行为分类,分析义务性刑事诉讼规则、程序性违法行为和程序性后果的逻辑关系,构建框架图,还原刑事诉讼法应有的自治面貌。

The legal nature of criminal procedure law is absent,because criminal procedure law is lack of comprehensive recognition of its entire structure. An obligatory criminal procedure rule is structurally composed of a procedural direction and the procedural result of its breach,whilst a criminal procedural deficiency is the breach of a criminal procedural direction. There are three objectives of criminal procedure: substantive truth,procedural regularity and legal harmony,which shall be the directions to be considered in deciding a specific procedural consequence. Criminal procedural conduct can be classified into three groups: disposition-influencing conduct,procedure-inducing conduct and adjudicative conduct;conduct by a person in authority and conduct by a person not in authority;absolutely null conduct and relatively null conduct. With reference to the three objectives and the three groups of criminal procedural conduct,this paper analyzed the logical relationship of criminal procedure rules,procedural deficiencies and procedural consequences,constructed a framework diagram of the relationship,and tried to restore the deserved autonomous feature of criminal procedure law.