非遗传因素对新疆褐牛体尺性状的影响

The effect of non-genetic factors on the body size of Xinjiang brown cattle

旨在探讨非遗传因素对新疆褐牛体尺性状的影响。根据伊犁地区3个牧场2013-2017年间544头新疆褐牛的体尺性状记录,分析不同年份、胎次、场、季节对新疆褐牛体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围、胸底宽、尻宽、尻长、坐骨端宽、后腿宽度、后腿厚度、后腿高度、后腿半围共12个体尺性状的影响,并进行了多重比较。结果:GLM一般线性方差分析结果显示不同年份对新疆褐牛12个体尺性状均影响极显著(P<0.01);不同场对新疆褐牛胸围、腹围、胸底宽、尻宽、后腿宽度、后腿厚度、后腿半围影响极显著(P<0.01);不同季节对新疆褐牛胸围、尻宽、坐骨端宽、后腿宽度、后腿厚度、后腿高度影响极显著(P<0.01);不同胎次仅对后腿高度影响极显著(P<0.01)。多重比较结果显示,不同年份对新疆褐牛的尻长、后腿厚度、后腿半围影响极显著(P<0.01);不同场对新疆褐牛体高尻长、坐骨端宽、后腿厚度有极显著的影响(P<0.01);不同胎次对新疆褐牛后腿高度、后腿半围有极显著的影响(P<0.01);不同季节对新疆褐牛尻宽、后腿宽度影响极显著(P<0.01);4个非遗传因素对新疆褐牛体高、体斜长、胸围、胸底宽、尻宽有显著影响(P<0.05)。

In order to understand the influence of non-genetic factors on the body size traits of Xinjiang brown cattle, data were recorded of 544 Xinjiang brown cattle on three farms in the Yili area from 2013 to 2017, in terms of the non-genetic factors including breeding year and season, parity, and farm, and of the body size traits including height, body length, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, chest width, buttock width, sac length, sciatic width, the width, thickness, height and length of the hind legs.Then, multiple comparisons were made.The results of GLM analysis showed as follows:different breeding years had a very significant effect on all the 12 body traits of individual Xinjiang brown cattle(P<0.01);different farms had a very significant effect on the chest circumference, abdominal circumference, chest width, buttock width, the width, thickness and circumference of the hind legs(P<0.01);different seasons had a very significant effect on the chest circumference, on the width of the ankle, the ischial end and the hind legs, on the thickness and height of the hind legs(P<0.01);and different parities had a very significant effect on the hind leg height only(P<0.01).The results of multiple comparisons showed that different breeding years had a very significant effect on the buttock length, hind leg thickness and hind leg circumference of the cattle(P<0.01);different farms had a very significant effect on the length of sorghum, the width of the ischial end, and the thickness of hind legs;different parities had a very significant effect on the hind leg height and circumference(P<0.01);and different seasons had a very significant effect on the buttock width and hind leg width(P<0.01).The four non-genetic factors all had very significant effects on the body height and length, chest circumference and width, and the buttock width of the cattle(P<0.05).