斜发沸石添加水平对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

Effects of dietary clinoptilolite levels on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Suhuai pigs

本试验研究基础日粮中添加不同水平的斜发沸石对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、肉品质的影响,旨在获得苏淮猪育肥期斜发沸石的适宜添加量。选择体重相近(50 kg左右)、健康的苏淮阉公猪40头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组共4个处理组,每组10头。预试期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期64 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ至Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的斜发沸石。于试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,用于屠宰测定和肉质检测。结果表明:1)第1阶段(体重56~68 kg)和第2阶段(体重83~98 kg),终末体重、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异;但斜发沸石水平对第1阶段和第2阶段平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)并呈线性(P=0.02,P=0.047)二次方升高趋势(P=0.01)。2)对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组苏淮猪的生长曲线拐点分别是:第50.26天86.06 kg、第40.22天87.15 kg、第38.27天89.69 kg和第45.98天89.02 kg;最大日增重分别是0.702、0.743、0.814和0.855 kg/d,说明在饲料中添加斜发沸石后,可延长育肥猪到达生长曲线拐点体重。3)斜发沸石水平对眼肌面积和肌内脂肪影响显著(P<0.05),眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方(P=0.01)变化;肌内脂肪呈线性(P=0.01),二次方(P=0.03)升高;胴体重和系水力分别随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈线性(P=0.07,P=0.09)升高趋势。试验表明:苏淮育肥猪采食量、胴体重和肌内脂肪随日粮斜发沸石添加水平增加呈线性升高,系水力呈线性升高趋势,但眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方变化,先升高后降低。因此,添加2%斜发沸石有利于采食量、胴体重和肌内脂升高,有助于系水力降低;但从增加眼肌面积的角度考虑,斜发沸石的适宜添加比例为1%。

This study was to evaluate effects of clinoptilolite levels on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Suhuai pigs,and to determine the best level of clinoptilolite addition for Suhuai pigs.Forty Suhuai pigs of average weight of 50±2 kg were selected randomly and divided into 4 treatments(the Control Group,Groups I,II and III) with 10 pigs for each treatment.The pre-feeding period of the trial was 10 days when all the pigs were fed with a diet of the same ad libitum.The formal trial lasted for 64 days,when the pigs in the Control Group were fed with the basal diet,and the pigs in Groups I,II and III were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%,1.0%and 2.0% clinoptilolite,respectively.All the pigs were slaughtered at the 65 th day of the experiment period for testing.The results were as follows: 1) No significant difference was observed in the initial body weight,terminal body weight,average daily gain(ADG) in the animals.However,with the increasing of the clinoptilolite levels,the average daily feed intake in the first(56-68 kg) and second(83-98 kg) stages of growth had significant changes(P< 0.05),a linear increase(P=0.02,P=0.047) and a quadratical one(P=0.01).2)According to the fitting growth curves,the turning point in growth of the control pigs was 50.26 t h day,with the weight of 86.06 kg and the highest daily gain of 702 g;that of Group Ⅰ pigs was 40.22 t h day,with the weight of 87.15 kg and the highest daily gain of 743 g;that of Group Ⅱ pigs was 38.27 t h day,with the weight of 89.69 kg and the highest daily gain of 814 g;and that of Group Ⅲ pigs was 45.98 t h day,with the weight of 89.02 kg and the highest daily gain of 855 g.These results indicated that adding clinoptilolite to the diet could give full play to the growth potential of Suhuai fattening pigs.3) The increase of clinoptilolite levels had significant effect on the eye tissue and the intramuscular fat(P<0.05),with a linear increase(P=0.01) and a quadratical one(P=0.03) in intrmuscular fat,a quadratical increase in eye tissue area(P=0.01).The carcass weight and the its water holding capacity both had a linear increase(P=0.07 and P=0.09,respectively).In conclusion,supplementation of clinoptilolite of less than 2% had a positive effect on Suhuai pigs in growth in terms of feed intake,carcass weight,intramuscular fat and the hydraulic capacity.In the case of increasing the area of eye muscles,the appropriate proportion of clinoptilolite supplement was 1%.