马克思社会思想的三重内涵

Three Meanings in Marx’ Social Thought

马克思的社会思想是自觉批判黑格尔的观念论及其国家法哲学、启蒙自由主义及其利己主义的自我意识哲学、古典政治经济学以及刚刚兴起的实证主义社会学的理论结果。在这一过程中,马克思也批判和克服了当时流行的诸多思潮,如自由主义、保守主义、浪漫主义、社会改良主义以及空想社会主义,与之决裂并转向科学社会主义。马克思的社会思想,是唯物史观及其历史进步观在现代社会生活上的拓展,是基于上述批判所形成的现代人类社会发展理论,包含社会存在、生产方式、交往方式、市民社会批判、社会革命、未来人类社会建构、历史进步论、多样性的现代社会发展道路等多重概念及其论域,它具有三重内涵:一是给出了社会存在及其实践性的社会生活概念,奠定了现代社会发展理论的存在论与认识论基础;二是基于唯物史观的生产方式与社会关系逻辑,并自觉提升为交往方式,由此重建现代性的经济社会与政治社会,重释并建构了未来人类社会图景;三是形成了立足于人与社会发展及其历史进步的社会形态理论,强调各国家民族发展尤其是东方社会发展的特殊性与主体性。

Marx’ social thought results theoretically from his criticism of Hegel’s idealism,his political philosophy of right,the Enlightenment liberalism,the philosophy of self-consciousness,classical political economy and the emerging positivist sociology. Marx also criticized and overcame such popular trends at the time as liberalism,conservatism,romanticism,social reformism and Utopian socialism,all of which he deserted with a turning to the scientific socialism. As an extension of the materialist conception of history and historical progress in modern social life,Marx’ social thought is indeed a development theory of modern human society,which is based on the above criticisms and includes social existence,production modes,ways of communication,criticism of civil society,social revolution,the construction of future human society,theory of historical progress,diversified modern social development( esp. the conscious exploration of the development of the Eastern society) and many other concepts and fields of interests as well.There are three meanings in Marx’ social thought: The first is that it defines social existence and its concept of social life with practicality,which gets well founded the ontology and epistemology of modern social development theory. The second is the logic of production mode and social relations based on historical materialism. It is then improved as communicative means,thereby rebuilding the modern political and economic society,reinterpreting and constructing the future human society. And the third is that it develops a theory of social form,based on human and social development and its historical progress,with an emphasis on the particularity and subjectivity of national development,especially the development of the Eastern society.