规范性文件司法审查的“后果考量”及其补充规则

The Consequence Consideration of Judicial Review of Administrative Normative Documents and Its Supplementary Rules

源于我国规范性文件自身及其审查依据的复杂性,现行司法审查标准存在适用的模糊性难题,而传统规则导向的法条主义与结果导向的后果主义审查模式,在消解模糊性难题的进路上都存在明显局限性。事实上,随着法律的品格从权威性至沟通性的演变,一种过程导向的功能主义审查模式应运而生。这种审查模式要求,对规范性文件的司法审查,既要考量规范性文件的政策性因素与司法裁判的社会效应等后果,也要严格遵循法律的规范约束。尤其是,“后果考量”在作为规范性文件司法审查的一项内在要求时,直接影响到规范文件合法性判断的,必须要满足特定的规范条件。实体上,后果考量之事实理由应具备立法性与规范的必要性;程序上,应满足程序论辩的充分性。

Due to the complexity of administrative normative documents and their basis of review in China,how the standards of the current judicial review can be applied remains ambiguous.However,traditional rule-oriented legalistic reviewing modes and result-oriented consequential reviewing modes have obvious limitations in the resolution of ambiguity.In fact,as the character of law gradually changes from authoritativeness to communication,a process-oriented and functional reviewing approach based on justification comes into being.Functionalism requires that the judicial review of administrative normative documents should not only consider the policy factors of administrative normative documents and the social effects of judicial adjudication,but also strictly follow the constraints of the rule of law.Especially,when“consequence consideration”is the inherent requirement of the judicial review of administrative normative documents,specific conditions need to be met if the consequence affects the judgment of the legitimacy of administrative normative documents.In substance,the facts and reasons of consequence consideration should be legislative and normative.In procedure,it is necessary for consequence consideration to satisfy the sufficiency of procedural argument.