审批制度改革优化了城市营商环境吗?——基于民营企业家“忙里又忙外”的实证分析

Do Administrative Reform Improve City Business Climate?--An Empirical Study Based on Private Enterprises Survey

我国的营商环境建设取得了显著成效,“放管服”改革如何优化城市营商环境是一个值得深入研究的政策议题,关于营商环境的既有研究以现状描述和典型案例分析为主,大样本的经验证据相对缺乏。本文基于中国民营企业调查(CPES)和城市政商关系数据,从民营企业家时间配置的理论视角出发,分析“放管服”改革对于城市营商环境的影响。研究发现,许可服务大厅的建立优化了城市营商环境,替换测量指标和考虑内生性问题之后,估计结果依然稳健,审批制度改革对于民营企业的影响十分显著,但是对于国有企业的影响则比较有限。进一步的机制分析发现,许可服务大厅提供了制度化的政企联系方式,促进了“清、亲”政商关系的形成,从而提升了营商环境质量。许可服务大厅进驻的事项越多,这种提升作用越明显。本文丰富了制度环境与政商关系的相关研究,提供了中国场景的经验证据。从政策启示上看,深入推进“放管服”改革,需要扎实做好简政放权,提高许可事项的集成化程度,重点关注民营企业,着力建设新型政商关系。

The business climate quality has been improved significantly,and the relationship between the administrative reform and business climate is a critical policy issue.Most of the existing researches are description or single case,and lack the large-scale quantitative evidence.Based on the China Private Enterprise Survey and World Bank Enterprise Survey,this paper takes hypothesis from the entrepreneurship theory,and analysis the relationship between the administrative reform and business environment improvement.The research finds that the administrative reform can lift business environment quality significantly,and this promotion effect is robust.And the instrumental variable two stage least square regression defines that there is inverse causal linkage between administrative reform and the business climate.This paper conclude that the administrative reform institutionalize the"Enterprise-Government"relationship,and then promote the business environment.The next step of the administrative reform should focus on the"Enterprise-Government"relationship and offer more high quality service for the private enterprises.