以马铃薯薯渣为碳源构建的南美白对虾生物絮团养殖系统研究

A Systematic Study on the Biofloc Aquaculture of Penaeus Vannamei Using Potato Residue as Carbon Source

利用碳源马铃薯薯渣和有益菌芽孢杆菌构建南美白对虾生物絮团养殖系统,分别设置对照组、马铃薯薯渣组、芽孢杆菌组、混合组,研究马铃薯薯渣、芽孢杆菌对培育生物絮团及其对南美白对虾养殖水质和生长的影响.结果表明:混合组、马铃薯薯渣组和芽孢杆菌组均能形成较多的生物絮团,其中混合组的生物絮团体积浓度最高,为6.16 mg/L;各处理组的总氮、氨态氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度总体上随养殖时间的延长而不断升高,对照组的总氮、氨态氮、亚硝态氮质量浓度分别为8.81 mg/L、2.13 mg/L、4.22 mg/L,高于其他处理组(P<0.05),而混合组的氨态氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度均最低,分别为1.38 mg/L和3.34 mg/L;在养殖期期间,混合组的总细菌、芽孢杆菌数量分别为3.7×105 cfu/mL、1.2×10^5 cfu/mL明显高于对照组(P<0.05);而且混合组对虾的体重、成活率和饵料系数分别为2.26 g、85.71%和1.09,优于其他处理组.该研究结果为对虾生物絮团养殖技术进一步优化升级提供理论基础.

A new aquaculture system of biofloc for Penaeus vannamei was constructed with potato residue and Bacillus sp.,and control group,potato residue group,Bacillus sp.group and mixed group were respectively set up to study the effects of potato residue and Bacillus on aquaculture quality and growth of Penaeus vannamei.The results indicated that more biofloc could be generated in potato residue group,Bacillus sp.group and mixed group,among them the biofloc content in mixed group was highest with 6.16 mg/L.Total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen contents kept on rising in all group,but the contents of total nitrogen(8.81 mg/L),ammonia nitrogen(2.13 mg/L)and nitrite nitrogen(4.22 mg/L)in control group were significant higher than other three groups(P<0.05),and ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen contents in mixed group were least with 1.38 mg/L and 3.34 mg/L respectively.In the whole aquaculture period,total bacterial populations and Bacillus sp.quantities in mixed group were 3.7×105 cfu/mL and 1.2×105 cfu/mL respectively,which significant higher than control group.Moreover,compared to other groups,the biofloc effect of mixed group on growth index of Penaeus vannamei was optimum with body weight,survival rate and feed coefficient were 2.26 g,85.71%and 1.09,respectively.The research results will provide a theoretical basis for further optimization and upgrading of bioflocculant aquaculture technology.