HIV感染者或AIDS患者感知歧视影响因素分析

Cross-sectional survey on influencing factors of perceived discrimination between HIV-infected or AIDS patients

目的分析人体免疫缺损病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者与获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(People living with,PLWHA)感知歧视的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法从遵义医科大学第三附属医院2016年5月-2018年6月遵义医科大学第三附属医院感染科门诊就诊且自愿参与本研究的患者中抽取80例PLWHA。患者均接受Berger HIV感知歧视量表测量,分析其感知歧视水平。结果影响感知歧视水平的因素包括PLWHA的性别、文化程度、CD4细胞计数、自觉健康状况、是否告知他人病情。80例PLWHA感知歧视得分,包含负面自我印象、个体化歧视、关注公众态度、担心公开等维度条目,均为中等偏上水平,其中平均分得分最高的为担心公开维度:(3.06±0.45)分。80例PLWHA感知歧视量表得分最高的条目为"针对需告诉病情的人,需慎重考虑后再决定"。逐步回归分析结果显示,性传播途径、自我感知健康状况差、亲人及家人不知晓及女性PLWHA的感知歧视水平较高。结论PLWHA的感知歧视水平为中等偏上,感知歧视影响因素较多,需针对性给予相应措施进行干预,以有效降低其感知歧视水平。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influencing factors of perceived discrimination between HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients(PLWHA).METHODS Totally 80 PLWHA patients were selected from the outpatient department of nosocomial infectious diseases in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from May 2016 to Jun.2018 using a convenience sampling method.All patients were measured by Berger HIV Perceived Discrimination Scale to analyze their perceived discrimination level.RESULTS Factors affecting the level of perceived discrimination include gender,education level,CD4 cell count,conscious health status and whether to inform others of the illness of PLWHA.The perceptual discrimination scores of 80 PLWHA patients,including negative self-impression,individualized discrimination,concern about public attitudes and fear of publicity,all of which were above the middle level,and the highest average score was fear of publicity:(3.06±0.45).The highest score of 80 PLWHA Perceived Discrimination Scale was"For people who need to tell the condition,they need to be carefully considered before making a decision".Stepwise regression analysis showed that sexual transmission,poor self-perceived health status,unknown to relatives and family members,and female PLWHA had high level of perceived discrimination levels.CONCLUSION PLWHA’s perceptual discrimination level was above average,and there were many influencing factors of perceptual discrimination.It is necessary to provide corresponding measures to effectively reduce PLWHA’s perceived discrimination level.