论WTO对安全例外条款扩张适用的规制

The Research on the WTO Practice of Regulating Expansion Application of WTO Security Exception

在单边主义、保护主义兴起背景下,部分WTO成员扩大安全例外条款适用范围的问题日益凸显。WTO争端解决实践确立了争端解决机构对成员援引该条款行为的管辖权,并就“基本安全利益”及“国际关系紧急情况”的适用作出阐述,对规制该条款的扩张适用具有积极作用。但WTO争端解决实践仍未形成对成员自裁决权的有效约束,非传统安全的适用问题尚待厘清,同时缺乏对成员措施实施的“必要性”审查,使安全例外条款仍存在被滥用的风险。为更好地解决部分成员任意扩张适用安全例外条款的问题,中国应积极向WTO争端解决机构提交第三方意见,建议其在与该条款有关的案件中采用严格的解释方法,并推动成员在WTO改革中对条款文本进行修改。

Under the background of unilateralism and protectionism,the problem of widening the application scope of WTO security exception by some WTO members is increasingly prominent.Through the practice of dispute settlement,WTO has established the jurisdiction of the dispute settlement body over the member's invoking the security exception clause,and elaborated the meaning of“essential security interests”and“other emergency in international relations”,which has a positive role in regulating the expansion application of the clause.However,there exists some shortcomings:the WTO dispute settlement practice has not yet formed an effective constraint on the members'discretion,not clarified the application problem of non-traditional security,as well as the lack of the requirement of"necessity test"in implementing measures,so that the clause still exist the risk of abuse.To solve the problem of expanding application of security exceptions by some WTO members,China shall actively submit the third party’s opinions to the WTO dispute settlement body,suggest that it should adopt a strict interpretation method for the clause,and promote WTO members to modify the text of the clause in the reform of the WTO.