新中国初期中共对血吸虫病防治的社会动员

The Communist Party of China’s Social Mobilization against Schistosomiasis Japonica in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China

社会动员历来是中国共产党广泛发动群众的优良传统,动员前提、动员主体、动员机制和动员结果是其基本构成要素。面对血吸虫病流行和蔓延的严峻形势,新中国初期,中国共产党运用自上而下的“层级运作模式”,领导人民展开了声势浩大的群众运动。通过系统化的宣传教育、灵活的防治策略、中西结合的技术推广和典型的榜样树立,新中国取得了血吸虫病防治的历史性胜利,既增强了群众身体素质、降低了患病风险率,又提高了生活幸福指数、促进了农业生产发展,同时也树立了共产党的威信、赢得了人民的信任。但后期受“大跃进”“浮夸风”等社会风气的影响,血吸虫病防治不同程度存在违背实事求是原则的工作作风。

Social mobilization,with such basic elements as premises,subjects,mechanisms and outcomes,has long been a legacy of the Communist Party of China in mobilizing the people.In the early years of the People’s Republic of China,the schistosomiasis japonica epidemic erupted and threatened to spread all over China.In such circumstances,the Communist Party of China,utilizing a top-down“hierarchical operation model”,rallied the people for a massive mass movement against this disease.With systematic education and publicity campaigns,flexible protection strategies,integration of Chinese and Western techniques and promotion of typical examples against the disease,China secured historical success against schistosomiasis japonica.Thereafter,China saw better health of its people,lower risks of the disease,higher public contentment and strong agricultural development.The Communist Party of China thus won public trust and maintained its prestige.Nevertheless,later on,due to the disruption of the Great Leap Forward and the trend of boastfulness,the Communist Party of China breached its commitment to keep its feet on the ground.