边郡在秦汉国家结构中的地位与作用

On the Status and Function of Border Counties in the State Administrative Structure of the Qin and Han Dynasties

在秦汉边疆治理中,列郡而治是统治者的主要战略目标。秦汉以来的边郡设置是伴随着边疆开拓的进程进行的,与以往的“羁縻附录”策略相比,边郡制度是更为稳定有效的统治方式。秦汉边郡制度的推行,打破了那种氏族、部落各自为政、政体各异的封闭状况,实现了政治体制的跨越式进步。边郡的设置维护了国家的统一,加快了制度文明的传播进程,保障了国家安全,促进了边疆地区经济和文化的发展;同时边疆的稳定和繁荣发展,也推动了内地经济的发展,缩小了边疆和内地的差距,使统一多民族国家呈现出强大的凝聚力和整体发展的局面。

In the governance of the Qin and Han frontiers,rule by counties was the main strategic goal of the rulers.The establishment of border counties,also known as Jun,since the Qin and Han dynasties was accompanied by the process of border expansion and development.Compared with the governing strategies of previous dynasties,the border county system was a more stable and effective way of governing.The implementation of the border county system in the Qin and Han dynasties broke the closure and isolation among different clans and tribes in border areas and marked great progress in the development of feudal political system.The establishment of border counties maintained the unity of the country,accelerated the spread of institutional civilization,safeguarded national security,and promoted economic and cultural development of border regions.At the same time,the stability and prosperity of border regions also accelerated the development of inland economy and shrank the gap between the hinterland and the frontiers,all of which had contributed greatly to the cohesion and overall development of a unified multi-ethnic country.