马克思主义生存论视域下的劳动二重性及其生命政治意蕴

The Duality of Existentialistic Labor and Its Political Implications for Life

马克思主义不仅在政治经济学批判意义上论说劳动二重性,而且在生存论意义上阐发劳动二重性。《德意志意识形态》紧扣现实的个人之生命生产展开资本主义批判,揭示了财产和生命生产的二重性。私有财产塑造了资本主义社会的人格主体,它作为规训现实的个人的方式,既是在人与自然之间关系上对感性世界的占有,也是在人与人之间关系上被承认的个人权利。财产二重性根源于现实的个人生命生产。现实的个人的生命生产同样是以规训的方式表明,它既表现为资本占有的生产力,又是虚假共同体中的阶级成员。财产和生命生产二重性,导致现实的个人面临双重生存困境:生命生产与现实的感性世界疏离;生存丧失了真实的公共性,沦为“赤裸生命”和抽象主体。在生命政治视域下,生存论劳动二重性可以视为理解历史唯物主义乃至整个马克思主义理论体系的关键。

subject that loses its real personality.In the contemporary era,the duality of labor in the sense of existentialism and the life political thought it contains can be regarded as a new“hub”for understanding historical mMarxism not only expounds the duality of labor in the critical sense of political economy,but also expounds the duality of labor in the sense of existentialism.In German ideology,Marx and Engels closely adhere to the criticism of capitalism and analyze the duality of property and life production.The discipline of property relations shows that it not only involves the relationship between man and nature in terms of the share of the perceptual world but also touches upon the relationship between people’s personal rights.The duality of property is rooted in the real production of personal life.The real individual’s life production also shows in the way of discipline that it is not only the productivity of capital possession,but also the communication in the false community.The duality of property and life production in capitalist society leads to the dual survival dilemma of the real individual:the alienation of life production from the perceptual world of reality,and the individual becoming“naked life”,that is,the abstract subject that loses its real personality.In the contemporary era,the duality of labor in the sense of existentialism and the life political thought it contains can be regarded as a new“hub”for understanding historical materialism and the whole Marxist theoretical system.aterialism and the whole Marxist theoretical system.