中西部农村地区寄宿制中小学生贫血及相关营养状况

Analysis of anemia and nutritional status of primary and middle school students in boarding school in rural areas of central and western China

目的评价中国中西部农村地区6~17岁寄宿制中小学生贫血及相关营养素水平,为学生营养改善提供依据。方法在中西部地区选择人均GDP水平排名相近的河南省、安徽省、江西省、广西壮族自治区、四川省及西藏自治区为调查省份,在各省份中分别选取参与农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的农村初中和农村小学各1所,各学校各年级采用整群抽样法抽取1个班级学生作为研究对象,总计2180名。通过采集静脉血测试分析学生血红蛋白、铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、叶酸及维生素B12生化水平,评价贫血及相关营养素缺乏情况。结果西部地区6~8岁及9~11岁学生贫血率分别为3.2%和2.9%,6~8,9~11及12~14岁学生铁缺乏率分别为10.8%,13.8%及24.3%,12~14及15~17岁学生叶酸缺乏率分别为32.7%和49.4%,贫血、铁缺乏率和叶酸缺乏率均高于中部地区同年龄组(χ~2值分别为8.56,7.43;11.40,19.14,14.55;40.96,17.12,P值均<0.05)。中部地区6~8,9~11,12~14及15~17岁学生维生素B12缺乏率分别为7.3%,19.4%,29.2%和45.5%,各年龄组维生素B12缺乏率均高于西部地区同年龄组(χ~2值分别为6.59,5.85,8.67,3.39,P值均<0.05)。结论西部地区学生贫血、铁缺乏及叶酸缺乏情况较中部地区严重,中部地区学生维生素B12缺乏程度较西部地区严重。中西部农村地区学生营养问题存在地域性差异,学生营养改善有待因地制宜开展。

Objective To evaluate anemia and related nutritional status of 6-17 years old boarding school students in rural areas of central and western China,and to reveal the difference of nutrition problems in different regions.Methods In the central and western regions,Henan,Anhui,Jiangxi,Guangxi and Sichuan provinces,as well as Tibet Autonomous Region were selected for this survey considering similar per capita GDP levels.One secondary school and one primary school which participated in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students were selected from each province.One class was selected from each grade of every school by using cluster sampling method.A total of 2180 students were selected in this survey.Venous blood was collected and the level of hemoglobin,ferritin,soluble transferrin receptor,folic acid and vitamin B12 was analyzed to evaluate anemia and nutrient deficiencies.Results As for western region,prevalence of anemia among students aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 3.2%and 2.9%,respectively;iron deficiency prevalence among students aged 6-8,9-11 and 12-14 years was 10.8%,13.8%and 24.3%,respectively;and folic deficiency prevalence among students aged 12-14 and 15-17 years was32.7%and 49.4%,respectively.Prevalence of anemia,iron and folic deficiency in those areas was significantly higher than those of central regions(all P<0.05).As for the central regions,vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence of students aged 6-8,9-11,12-14 and 15-17 years was 7.3%,19.4%,29.2%and 45.5%respectively,which was significantly higher than of those of the western regions at the same age group.Conclusion Anemia,iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency are more common among students in western region,while the vitamin B12 deficiency problem is more common in central region.There are regional differences in the nutritional problems of students in the rural areas of central and western part of China.Nutrition improvement of student needs to be adapted to local conditions.