有氧运动与营养教育对高总胆固醇男生血脂健康体适能及运动行为影响

Effects of aerobic exercise and nutrition education on blood lipids,physical fitness and exercise behavior among students high cholesterol level

目的探讨有氧运动与营养教育对高总胆固醇男生血脂、健康体适能及运动行为的影响,为培养大学生正确的营养与健康观念,养成良好的运动习惯提供参考。方法以河南省4所高校总胆固醇高于200 mg/d L的140名男大学生依随机方式分为骑自行车+营养教育(BE)组和控制(C)组。BE组进行6周的有氧运动干预,每周3次,每次60 min,运动强度为50%~70%心跳率储备量(HRR)及每周60 min营养教育课程。受试者分别于干预前后检测血脂、健康体适能、每日食物摄入量及运动行为。结果BE组体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰臀比均低于C组[(25.57±1.77)(28.88±2.10)kg/m^2,(0.81±0.03)(0.87±0.06)];BE组心肺适能优于C组[(54.45±5.31)(50.00±5.29)](t值分别为5.89,6.11,4.74,P值均<0.01)。C组总胆固醇(TC)高于BE组[(229.90±25.63)(195.90±34.79)mg/d L],BE组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)优于C组[(70.30±8.06)(58.60±10.42)mg/d L](t值分别为24.51,11.73,P值均<0.01)。BE组自觉运动利益优于C组[(78.90±4.58)(74.10±5.48)],C组自觉运动障碍高于BE组[(57.30±5.54)(51.40±4.87)],BE组运动自我效能优于C组[(66.80±8.75)(57.10±9.09)],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.33,4.116.22,P值均<0.05)。BE组研究对象的谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、鱼虾、蛋类、奶类、豆类每日摄入量均处于合理范围,明显优于干预前和C组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论中强度的运动与营养教育干预对提升心肺适能、HDLC值及降低BMI、腰臀比、总胆固醇值有显著效果,6周的运动时间对自觉运动利益、自觉运动障碍与运动自我效能的认知皆有正面效果,营养教育有助于引导大学生采取合理的膳食行为。

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and nutritional education on blood lipids,physical fitness and exercise behavior among students with high cholesterol level.Methods A total of 140 male college students with total cholesterol higher than 200 mg/dl were randomly divided into cycling+nutrition education(BE)group;control group(C).The BE group received 6-weeks intervention(3 times a week,60 minutes each time,exercise intensity of 50%-70%HRR and 60 minutes of nutrition education per week).Blood lipids,physical fitness,daily dietary intake,and exercise behavior before and after intervention was assessed.Results BMI and waist-to-hip ratio in the BE group were significantly lower than those in the group C[(25.57±1.77)kg/m^2 vs(28.88±2.10)kg/m2],[(0.81±0.03)vs(0.87±0.06)];Cardiopulmonary fitness was significantly better than group C[(54.45±5.31)vs(50.00±5.29)].The level of TC of group C was significantly higher than that of group BE[(229.90±25.63)mg/d L vs(195.90±34.79)mg/d L],and the HDL-C of group BE was significantly better than group C[(70.30±8.06)mg/d L vs(58.60±10.42)mg/d L].The conscious activity of the group BE was significantly better than that of the group C[(78.90±4.58)vs(74.10±5.48)],and the conscious dyskinesia in the group C was significantly higher than that in the group BE[(57.30±5.54)vs(51.40±4.87)],group BE The exercise self-efficacy was better than that of group C[(66.80±8.75)vs(57.10±9.09)],and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.33,4.11,6.22,P<0.05).The daily intake of potato,vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry,fish and shrimp,eggs,milk and beans in the group BE was in a reasonable range,which was significantly better than that before intervention and group C(P<0.01).Conclusion In summary,intervention combined with moderate-intensity exercise and nutrition education shows significant effects in improving cardiopulmonary fitness,HDL-C level,and lowering BMI,waist-to-hip ratio,and total cholesterol value;6-week exercise intervention improves self-conscious sports interests,conscious movement disorders and cognitive self-efficacy;nutrition education intervention helps guide college students to take reasonable dietary behavior and reasonable intake of food.