幼儿发育性协调障碍感觉统合失调与家庭运动环境的相关性

Associations of developmental coordination disorders and sensory integration disorders with family environment for motor development

目的探讨发育性协调障碍、感觉统合失调以及家庭运动环境之间的关系,以期为之后的干预实施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,以北京市2所幼儿园309名3~4岁幼儿的家长为调查对象,采用《儿童发育性协调障碍问卷》《儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表》《学龄前儿童运动发育家庭环境量表》进行问卷调查。结果幼儿发育性协调障碍检出率为8.1%,男女童(11.0%,4.4%)之间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.32,P=0.62)。发育性协调障碍幼儿的感觉统合失调检出率为92.0%(23/25),家庭运动环境与两者也均存在相关关系。Logistic回归分析显示,家庭养育方式是发育性协调障碍和感觉统合失调共患发生的主要影响因素(B=-0.37,OR=0.69,95%CI=0.54~0.89,P<0.01)。结论幼儿感觉统合能力与动作协调性的发展水平密切相关,两者存在共患现象;家庭养育方式是影响幼儿发育性协调障碍和感觉统合失调共患发生的主要因素。

Objective The purpose of this study is to understand associations of developmental coordination disorders(DCD)and sensory integration disorders(SID)with family environment for motor development.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 309 parents of 3-4 years old children in two kindergartens in Beijing selected by clustering sampling,using Development Coordination Disorder Questionnaire,Sensory Integrative Function Scale and Family Environment Scale on Motor Development for Urban Preschool Children.Results Among the 309 children,the prevalence of DCD was 8.1%with gender difference with boys(11.0%)significantly higher than girls(4.4%)(χ^2=6.71,P<0.05).The rate of SID was 42.1%with no significant gender difference(χ^2=7.32,P=0.62).The concordance rate of SID and DCD(23/25,92.0%)was related to family environment for motor development.Specifically,parental rearing patterns was the primary factor for co-occurrence of SID and DCD(B=-0.37,OR=0.69,95%CI=0.54-0.89,P<0.01).Conclusion The development of SID and DCD is closely related among preschoolers.Parental rearing pattern plays an important role in SID and DCD.