不同海拔下小学生有氧运动与肺功能心率恢复能力的关联

Correlation between aerobic exercise ability,pulmonary function and heart rate recovery ability among students aged 7-12 years under different altitudes

目的讨论不同海拔下7~12岁学生有氧运动能力、肺功能及心率恢复能力关联性,为进一步研究不同海拔地区儿童少年运动生理变化提供依据。方法以塔什库尔干县235名世居3240 m高原(Hi组)、喀什市第十小学300名世居1290 m亚高原(Sub Hi组)及深塔二中小学部300名世居3240 m高原下1290 m亚高原(Hi Sub Hi组)7~12岁学生为研究对象,进行20 m往返跑(20-mSRT)测试、呼吸功能测试及定量负荷运动后心率恢复能力评价。结果不同海拔高度下,7~12岁学生的20-mSRT、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒肺活量(FEV1)、第1秒肺活量/用力肺活量(FEV1%)及运动后5 min末心率绝对恢复率(V%)随年龄增长呈上升趋势,Sub Hi组20-mSRT、FVC、FEV1、FEV1%及V%水平高于Hi组,Hi Sub Hi组在1年亚高原环境适应后较Hi组出现上升趋势。除Hi Sub Hi组男生FVC、FEV1及Sub Hi组男生FEV1%水平外,其余各测试组20-mSRT与肺功能指标间均存在关联(r值分别为0.99,0.97,0.93,0.89,0.85,0.99,0.97,0.95,0.88,0.90,0.91,0.98,0.83,P值均<0.05);Sub Hi组(r男=0.78,r女=0.81)20-mSRT与心率恢复能力相关有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),其余各测试组20-mSRT与心率恢复能力间相关均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论不同海拔状态7~12岁学生有氧运动能力、肺功能及心率恢复能力的发育特征可能存在一定差异,20-mSRT、FVC、FEV1、FEV1%及V%间的关联性可能存在海拔适应特征。

Objective To discuss the correlation between aerobic exercise ability,pulmonary function and heart rate recovery ability of 7-12 year-old students under different altitudes,so as to provide evidence on the physiological changes of exercise and characteristics of altitude training among children and adolescents at different altitudes.Methods A total of 235 students aged 7-12 years old living at 3240 m(Hi group),300 students at 1290 m(Sub Hi),and 300 students living between 1290 m and 3240 m(Hi Sub Hi)were selected to perform 20-mSRT test,respiratory function test and heart rate recovery ability evaluation after quantitative load exercise.Results Performance on 20-mSRT,FVC,FEV1,FEV1%and V%of students aged 7-12 years at different altitudes showed an upward trend with the increase of age.After adjusting for altitudes,there were significant differences in average level of these indicators.Average level of 20-mSRT,FVC,FEV1%,FEV1%and V%in Sub Hi group were significantly higher than those in Hi group(P<0.05),and the Hi Sub Hi group showed an upward trend compared with Hi group after 1-year adaptation to the sub-highland environment;Except for male FVC(r=0.33,P=0.24)and FEV1(r=0.34,P=0.22)in Hi Sub Hi group,and the male FEV1%(r=0.46,P=0.14)in Sub Hi group,all the indicators showed significant association with 20-mSRT(P<0.05);20-mSRT was only significantly correlated with heart rate recovery ability among Sub Hi group(male:r=0.78,P<0.05);Female(r=0.81,P=0.01),there was no significant correlation between 20-mSRT and heart rate recovery ability in other groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The results suggest developmental characteristics of aerobic exercise ability,lung function and heart rate recovery ability among 7-12 years old students under different altitudes.The correlation among 20-mSRT,FVC,FEV1,FEV1%and V%might involve high altitude adaptation.