春季不同时期灌水对冬小麦产量的影响

Effect of Irrigation on Winter Wheat Yield in Different Periods in Spring

为明确以石家庄为代表的冀中南地区最佳春灌1水时期,在石家庄赵县选取当地生产上种植面积较大的主栽品种,开展不同时期春灌1水对冬小麦产量的影响试验。试验结果显示,起身前期灌水对冬小麦群体有明显的调控作用,拔节期以后灌水则调控作用不明显;拔节前期灌水对单位面积穗数的影响较大,起身至拔节期间灌水对穗粒数影响一致,千粒重随着春灌1水时间的后移呈下降趋势;明确了春季灌水时间应根据田间群体并结合降水量来确定,当冬小麦起身期茎数小于1200万/hm^2时,春季第1次肥水应在起身中后期(春四叶前),茎数在1200万~1650万/hm^2时春季第1次肥水应在拔节前期(春五叶前);茎数超过1650万/hm^2时应延迟灌水,春季第1次肥水最晚不易超过拔节后期(旗叶露尖前)。

In order to clarify the best period of spring irrigation in central and southern Hebei(represented by Shijiazhuang),the main wheat varieties with larger planting area were selected in Zhao County,and the effects of spring irrigation on winter wheat yield in different periods were tested.The results showed that irrigation at early standing stage played an obvious role on regulating and controlling winter wheat population,but had no significant impacts after the stage of jointing.Irrigation at the early stage of jointing had a great influence on the number of ears per hectare,and irrigation from the standing stage to jointing stage had the same effects on the number of grains per ear,and the 1000-grain weight declined with the delaying of 1 water irrigation in spring.It was concluded that irrigation time in spring should be set based on field population and precipitation.When the number of stems of winter wheat at the standing stage was less than 12.0 million/hm^2,the first irrigation in spring should be conducted in the middle and late stage(before the four leaves in spring);When the number of stems ranges from 12.0 million to 16.5 million/hm^2,the first irrigation in spring should be carried out at the early stage of jointing(before the five leaves in spring);When the number of stems exceeded 16.5 million/hm^2,the irrigation should be delayed,and the first irrigation in spring should not exceed the late stage of jointing(before the dew tip of flag leaves).