中国国家竞争力评价及中美比较

The Evaluation of China’s National Competitiveness and Comparison between China and the U.S.

《全球竞争力报告》是最具国际影响力的评价经济体综合竞争力的报告之一,本文在介绍其历史沿革和指标体系的基础上,根据最新发布的《全球竞争力报告2019》的研究结论,分析中国竞争力的优势和短板,并对中美两国的竞争力进行比较。分析发现,中国竞争力与位居前列的经济体的差距逐渐缩小,优势主要体现在宏观经济、金融系统、基础设施和创新生态系统方面,而短板主要体现在市场环境、人力资本和制度环境方面。中国需要发挥优势,补齐短板,全面提升国家竞争力和经济增长潜力。

The Global Competitiveness Report is one of the most influential reports that evaluate economies’competitiveness.After introducing the history and indicator matrix of the report,this paper analyzes the strength and weakness of China’s competitiveness and compares that between China and the U.S.on the basis of newly published Global Competitiveness Report 2019.The results show that the gap of competitiveness between China and leading economies is narrowing.China’s strength lies in macroeconomic stability,financial system,infrastructure and innovation ecosystem,while weakness lies in markets,human capital and institutions.China has to make full use of the advantages and make up for weakness to improve its international competitiveness and economic growth potentials.