真菌漆酶及其介体系统:来源、机理与应用

Fungal Laccases and Their Mediator Systems:Sources,Mechanisms and Applications

漆酶是一类含铜氧化酶,广泛分布于植物、真菌、细菌、昆虫中,它们能够高效催化芳香族和非芳香族化合物氧化降解,并最终将分子氧还原为水作为副产物。一些小分子介体能够进一步提高漆酶的降解底物范围、催化效率和稳定性。它们与漆酶构成漆酶/介体系统(laccase mediator systems,LMS),能够更有效地降解非酚类、多环芳烃类等难降解化合物,在造纸制浆与漂白、染料脱色、环境脱毒等领域有着巨大的应用前景,成为近年来的研究热点之一。对漆酶的来源与功能、真菌漆酶结构与反应机理、介体类型与作用机理、LMS的应用进行了综述,以期为漆酶的应用研究提供参考。

Laccases are multicopper oxidases which are widely distributed in plants,fungi,bacteria and insects.They can catalyze aromatic and non-aromatic compounds with final reduction of molecular oxygen to water as by-product.Some small molecular mediators can enhance the substrate range,efficiency and stability of laccases.Laccase mediator systems(LMS),constituted by laccases and their mediators,can more effectively catalyze non-phenolic,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other refractory compounds.They have become one of the research hotspots in recent years,and manifest great application prospects in the fields of pulping and bleaching,dye decolorization,and environmental detoxification,etc.This paper reviewed the recent research advancement on sources and functions of laccases,structure and mechanisms of fungal laccases,mediators and their mechanisms,and applications of LMS,which was expected to provide reference for application research of laccases.