美国生态女性主义与环境正义运动的先驱

Pioneers of U.S.Ecofeminism and Environmental Justice

19世纪末至20世纪初的几十年间,美国妇女在野生动植物保护中发挥了重要作用。此外,她们也是积极的环保行动主义者,促进了中心城市的空气、水及食物的清洁。文章探讨不同阶级与种族的女性在环境斗争中所作的贡献,不但梳理了先前环境史的发现,更聚焦于环境污染如何对有色人种妇女生活产生危害以及她们是如何与环境种族主义斗争的。文章运用环境正义视角来挖掘生态女性主义先驱者们的历史,从而更好地展现这些隐匿在历史中的边缘人群的形象和声音。

From the late-nineteenth through the early decades of the twentieth century,women in the United States played important roles in the conservation and preservation of wildlife,as well as in environmental activism that fostered clean air,water,and food in our nation’s urban centers.This article examines the contributions of women of different classes and races to these environmental struggles.It not only synthesizes the findings of previous environmental histories,but also focuses more attention on the ways environmental contamination affected the lives of women of color and their struggles against environmental racism.In this way,an environmental justice lens is used to excavate and reclaim the history of our ecofeminist predecessors to better ensure that the visions and voices of marginalized peoples do not remain hidden from history.