肠道菌群与恶性肿瘤的研究进展

Advances in gastrointestinal microbiota and malignant tumor

人类微生物群是由寄生在人体上皮屏障的细菌和其他微生物组成的,其中大部分位于肠道内,与宿主之间形成共生的关系。机体肠道微生物的组成虽然受到年龄、饮食、生活方式等因素的影响,但在正常生理情况下是相对稳定的。近年来,肠道菌群与恶性肿瘤的关系越来越受到重视。肠道菌群不但能够维持局部稳态,还能调节机体代谢、炎症和免疫等生理过程。有研究表明,微生物群,特别是肠道菌群能够显著调节机体对癌症治疗的反应性以及机体对毒副反应的敏感性。检查肠道菌群中各菌种之间的比例可作为筛查恶性肿瘤的新方法。本文将综述微生物群具有影响肿瘤的发生发展、抗肿瘤治疗疗效以及药物不良反应的证据,以及其中所涉及的微生物种类,从而为恶性肿瘤精准治疗提供证据。

The human microbiota is composed of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on the epithelial barriers of the host,most of which are located in the gut,and form a symbiotic relationship with the host.Although the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota is affected by age,diet,lifestyle and other factors,it is relatively stable under normal physiological conditions.The relationship of gastrointestinal microbiota and malignant tumor has attracted much scientific interest.Gastrointestinal microbiota can not only maintain local homeostasis,but also regulate hysiological processes such as metabolism,inflammation response and immunity.Recent studies have shown that microbiata,especially gut microbiota,can significantly regulate the body’s responsiveness to cancer treatment and the body’s sensitivity to toxic side effects.Detecting the proportion of gastrointestinal microbiota can be used as a new screening method for malignant tumors.This article will review the evidence that microbiota has an impact on development of tumor,anti-tumor therapy and adverse reactions,as well as the types of microorganisms involved,to provide evidence for the precise treatment of malignant tumors.