2014-2018年深圳市公共场所空调系统微生物污染调查

Investigation on Microbial Contamination of Air Conditioning System in Public Places in Shenzhen 2014-2018

目的了解深圳2014-2018年间公共场所空调系统微生物污染状况。方法对深圳市117家公共场所空调系统风管内表面、送风中及冷却水、冷凝水进行卫生学调查,运用卡方检验对检测结果进行统计分析。结果2014-2018年117家不同公共场所集中空调通风系统的检测结果显示:风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率分别为93.8%和93.3%,空调送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌的合格率分别为72.0%、80.6%和98.6%;冷却水、冷凝水嗜肺军团菌的检出率分别为11.7%和1.1%。空调送风中微生物合格率低于风管内表面微生物合格率之间,冷却水嗜肺军团菌检出率逐年下降。各年间风管内表面细菌总数、真数总数、空调送风中真菌总数、冷却水嗜肺军团菌合格率间差异有统计学意义(χ^2分别为33.066和102.314、23.512、22.744,P<0.05)。结论针对深圳市公共场所空调系统微生物污染情况,应加大对空调系统微生物监测的力度,加强对经营场所加强空调系统的清洗消毒、日常运行的卫生管理等工作的指导。

Objectives To investigate the microbial contamination status of air conditioning system in public places in Shenzhen from 2014 to 2018.Methods Hygienic investigation was carried out on the inner surface of air ducts and air supply systems as well as cooling water and condensed water of air conditioning systems in 117 public places in the city.Chi-square test was used to analyze the test result.Results From 2014 to 2018,the test result of centralized air-conditioning and ventilation systems in 117 public places showed that:the qualified rates of total bacteria and fungus on the inner surface of air ducts were 93.8%and 93.3%,respectively;the qualified rates of total bacteria,total fungus,and β-hemolytic streptococcus in air supply systems were 72.0%,80.6%and 98.6%,respectively;and the detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensed water were 11.7%and 1.1%,respectively.The qualified rate of microorganism in air supply of air conditioner is lower than that on the inner surface of air ducts,and the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water decreases year by year.There were statistically significant differences in the qualified rates of the total bacteria and total fungus on the inner surface of the air duct,the total fungus in the air supply of the air conditioner and Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water(χ^2 were 33.066,102.314,23.512,and 22.744 respectively,P<0.05).Conclusions In view of the microbial contamination of air-conditioning system in public places in the city,the monitoring of microorganisms in air-conditioning system should be strengthened,and the guidance of cleaning and disinfection of air-conditioning system and hygienic management of daily operation should be strengthened in business places.