四川省农村居民腹泻与环境卫生及行为习惯关系

Relationship between Diarrhea and Environmental Health as Well as Behavioral Habits of Rural Residents in Sichuan

目的分析四川省农村居民腹泻与饮水卫生、卫生习惯等之间的关系,为采取措施降低农村居民腹泻的发生提供依据。方法根据《全国农村环境卫生监测工作方案(2018年版)》,在四川省分层随机抽取52个县共5195户作为研究对象,收集腹泻、饮水、生活污水、垃圾、厕所及粪便处理等资料,并监测厨房内鼠类、蝇类和蟑螂密度,同时收集四川省其他感染性腹泻发病资料,分析腹泻发生的影响因素。结果四川省农村居民腹泻发生户数比例为4.5%,腹泻发病率为1.5%。厨房有无发现蟑迹OR值(95%CI)为1.451(1.089~1.934),厨房有无发现苍蝇OR值(95%CI)为1.582(1.144~2.187)。结论四川省农村居民发生腹泻的影响因素有:饮水习惯为其他和喝生水,生活污水采用明沟排放,污水排放地点为处理厂和不固定,厨房发现蟑迹、鼠迹和苍蝇,粪便排入沟塘河道。建议加强健康教育,提升居民健康素养,改善环境卫生,从而降低腹泻的发生。

Objectives To understand the relationship between diarrhea and drinking water sanitation as well as health habits of rural residents in Sichuan Province,and provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of diarrhea of rural residents via certain measures.Methods According to the national rural environmental health monitoring work plan(2018),a total of 5195 households in 52 counties were randomly stratified selected,collecting diarrhea,drinking water,domestic sewage,garbage,toilets and manure treatment,and monitoring the density of rodents,flies and cockroaches in the kitchen.Then,collect incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province and analyze the influencing factors of diarrhea incidence.Results For rural residents in Sichuan Province,the household proportion of diarrhea was 4.5%and the incidence of diarrhea was 1.5%.The OR value of finding cockroaches and flies in the kitchen were 1.451 and 1.582,respectively.Conclusions The influencing factors of diarrhea of rural residents inclcuding:drinking raw or undis infected water,domestic sewage discharge via open ditch,sewage discharged in treatment plants or place not fixed,finding cockroach,rodents or flies in the kitchen,and excrement discharged into the ponds directly.It is recommended to strengthen health education,increase residential health literacy,and improve environmental sanitation so as to reduce the incidence of diarrhea.