水库移民社会融合困境及其纾解

Predicaments of Social Integration of Reservoir Re-settlers and Their Alleviation Approaches

水库移民社会融合困境威胁安置区的稳定与发展,尤其是移民与原居民的混住区,容易产生社会矛盾和利益冲突。由于物质因素与意识因素的双重影响,水库移民将遭遇经济、社会以及文化等维度的社会融合困境。纾解水库移民社会融合困境需要分为动员、过渡、发展三阶段:动员阶段需要科学评价移民环境容量,考察移民与原居民、迁出区与安置区的匹配程度;过渡阶段需要不断增加移民资本,增强移民抵御搬迁带来的各种风险的能力;发展阶段需要创新移民安置区治理机制,促成社区共同体的形成。通过以上途径实现水库移民良好的社会融合,推动国家水库移民安置工作更好发展。

The predicaments of social integration of reservoir re-setters threaten the stability and development of resettlement areas,especially the mixed areas between re-settlers s and indigenous peoples,which are prone to social contradictions and conflicts of interests.Through a systematically reviews the predicaments of social integration of reservoir resettlement and its related research.It is found that due to the dual effects of material and consciousness factor,the reservoir re-settlers will encounter the predicaments of social integration from the dimensions of economy,society,culture and so forth.Combined with point of views raised by Scandals,Carlson and other scholars,the paper holds that the alleviation approaches to the predicaments of social integration of reservoir re-settlers need to be divided into three phases,namely mobilization,transition and development.In the mobilization phase,it requires scientific evaluation of the environmental capacity of resettlement areas and examination of the degree of matching between the re-settlers and indigenous peoples and that of relocation and resettlement areas.In the transitional phase,it requires an increase of the resettlement capital and the enhanced re-settlers’ability to resist the risks brought by the relocation.In the development phase,it requires new methods for the resettlement community management system to promote the shaping of a common community.The approaches mentioned above can be applied to achieving a good social integration of reservoir re-settlers and promoting the better development of national reservoir resettlement.