宋代枪仗手考论

A Study of the Gunners in the Song Dynasty

枪仗手起源于宋神宗熙宁年间的福建路和江南西路,作为王安石变法中地方保甲组织设立。神宗元丰时期枪仗手编制、训练方法确定下来,全盛时人数达到近两万人。哲宗元祐时期,作为王安石变法成果之一,枪仗手受到保守派打击。徽宗时期恢复元丰旧制,枪仗手被靖康时臣僚称作为步兵天下第一。两宋之际,东南地区叛乱频发,枪仗手纵横东南各地平定叛乱,维护了宋王朝的统治。在持续作战中,枪仗手也引起了统治者的忌惮。南宋绍兴年间,朝廷下诏罢黜枪仗手,存在了五十余年的枪仗手退出了历史舞台。

The Gunners originated from Fujian Road and Jiangnan West Road during the Song Emperor's reign of Xining,and was established as a local Baojia organization in the Wang Anshi Reformation.In the Shenzong Yuanfeng period,the preparation and training methods of the guns were determined.During the period of Zhezong Yuanyou,the gunman was hit.During the Huizong period,the Yuanfeng old system was restored.At the time of Jingkang,the courtiers claimed that the guns were the first in the world for infantry.On the occasion of the two Song Dynasty,the rebellion broke out frequently in the southeastern region,and the gunmen smashed the rebellion in the southeast and maintained the rule of the Song Dynasty.In the continuous operation,it also caused the taboo of the ruler.During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty,the imperial court smashed his guns and smashed his hands.The gun smasher left the historical stage after more than 50 years.