试论清代戏曲《千忠录》的历史书写

An Analysis of Historical Writing of the Qing Dynasty Opera Qianzhonglu

李玉《千忠录》演述建文帝逊国事,是清初著名的历史剧。《千忠录》的历史书写具有特色,它在采录史传的同时,也进行了增饰和虚构,所以它的历史叙事呈现出“虚实相生”的特点。在建构历史人物时,《千忠录》并未完全化用史传形象,而是融入了作者的思想,创造出高于历史的艺术典型。在书写历史的过程中,《千忠录》浸润着“寓言性”,一是“厚人伦,美教化”的旨归,二是个人命运与遗民情结的抒发。

Li Yu’s Qianzhonglu,a famous historical opera in the early Qing Dynasty,depicts the escaping experience of Jianwen emperor.The historical writing of Qianzhonglu has its own characteristics.While adopting historical biographies,it has also made some additions and fabrications.Therefore,its historical narrative shows the characteristics of“the combination of fiction and reality”.When shaping historical figures,Qianzhonglu does not fully use historical images,but incorporates the author’s ideas and creates artistic models higher than history.In the process of writing history,Qianzhonglu is permeated with“fables”.One is the tenet of edification.The other is the expression of personal fate and the feelings of the a loyal courtier.