阿尔兹海默症患者的语义记忆损伤:表现、理论及展望

Semantic Memory Impairment in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease:Symptoms,Theories and Future Prospects

图片命名、范畴流畅性等神经心理学测验表明,阿尔兹海默症(AD)患者普遍存在语义记忆的损伤,并随着病程的发展表现出进行性与弥散性特点。AD患者语义记忆的损伤既可能由语义知识的存储障碍造成,也可能由语义知识的提取障碍引发,还可能由存储与提取的双重损伤造成。未来研究应开发出对早期AD检测更为敏感的语义记忆测验,并采用横向与纵向多种研究技术与手段,考虑不同语言文化背景下AD患者语义损伤的情况,以综合分析AD患者语义记忆损伤的实质及其发展趋势。

Neuropsychological tests,like pictures naming and verbal fluency,have shown that semantic memory impairment was common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and would show progressive and diffuse characteristics with the development of the disease.The impairment of semantic memory in AD patients may be caused either by the degraded store or by the degraded access or the dual barriers of storage and access.To reach a comprehensive understanding of the semantic impairment in AD patients in the future,researches should develop a more sensitive semantic memory tests for AD,and combine a variety of cross-sectional and longitudinal study techniques,meanwhile considering the influence that different linguistic and cultural backgrounds might bring on the impairment in AD patients.