陀思妥耶夫斯基《荒唐人的梦》的主题分析

An Analysis about the Subject of Dostoyevskys The Dream of a Ridiculous Man

《荒唐人的梦》是陀思妥耶夫斯基1877年创作的一篇哲学小说,浓缩了他之前作品中几乎所有重要的主题,代表性的有:“多余人”的道德困境、“受难儿童”的无声控诉、“黄金时代”人人相爱的梦想、利己主义与“爱人如己”之间的情感转化等。陀思妥耶夫斯在这篇晚年精心营构的小说中又重新思考这些关乎道德改善和社会改良的疑难,试图创造一个令人信服的“人人相爱”的“黄金时代”,通过“爱人如己”来达到自救与救世的目的。但令人感到惊异的是,就在作者自以为找到拯救人类灵魂堕落的密钥时,他又以讽喻的方式解构了自己对于“黄金时代”的期待,并把这种爱的理想戏谑为一个“荒唐人的梦”。相互辩难的声调在作品各部分间不断回响,使得这部作品的主题充满悖论,因而具有复杂和深刻的内涵。

The philosophical story of The Dream of a Ridiculous Man was completed by Dostoyevsky in 1877,which concentrated almost all the important themes in his previous works.The themes included the dilemma of the fifth-wheel,the silent complaint of the suffering children,the dream of loving others as themselves in the Golden Age,the relationship of the egoist and the altruist,and so on.In this elaborately novel in his late life,Dostoyevsky reconsidered these problems concerning the improvement of moral and society.He tried to create a convincing Golden Age of love,and people could reach a kind of spiritual salvation and save the world through loving others as themselves.In a surprise twist,just as the author thought he had found the key to saving the human soul from the fall,he deconstructed his expectation of the Golden Age in an ironic way,and called the ideal of love an absurd dream.There are different kinds of conflicting voices in this work,which makes the themes full of paradoxes,complexity and profoundness.