The Marxian Concept of Justice Based on Historical Materialism

唯物史观视域中的马克思正义思想

The question of“Marx and justice”has been a key theoretical and practical issue that has attracted academic attention and discussion both at home and abroad since the birth of Marxism,and in particular since the 1970s.From the perspective of historical materialism,Marx’s concept of justice is rooted in material practice rather than abstraction;it is the organic union of distributive justice and productive justice that transcends the limitations of traditional ideas on distributive justice.Marx’s concept of justice as the union of distributive justice and productive justice is mainly reflected in his Capital.Allen Wood and Z.I.Husami,with other Western scholars,have engaged in a dispute over the question of“Marx and justice.”Wood and Husami’s views,though quite different,are confined to the theory of distributive justice.John Rawls’justice theory,which emphasizes equity,has also failed to reach the lofty heights of Marx’s theory of justice.Marx’s concept of justice,as developed in Capital,has the“full and free development of every individual”at its core and integrates distributive justice and productive justice.It transcends the abstract concept of justice of the bourgeoisie that centering on equal rights reflects the dialectical unity of historical logic,the logic of reality and the logic of theory and practice.

“马克思与正义”的问题,是马克思主义诞生以来,特别是20世纪70年代以来,中外学界重点关注和讨论的重大理论与现实问题之一。马克思的正义思想根源于物质实践而不是抽象的观念,因为,他的正义思想突破了传统分配正义的局限,是唯物史观视域中分配正义和生产正义的有机统一。其分配正义和生产正义有机统一的正义思想主要体现在《资本论》中。对“马克思与正义”的问题,“伍德-胡萨米之争”,双方虽各执一端,但都局限于分配正义。罗尔斯作为公平的正义理论也没有达到马克思正义思想的高度。马克思在《资本论》中确立的以“每一个人的全面而自由的发展”为核心的、分配正义和生产正义统一的正义观,是对资产阶级以平等权利为核心的抽象正义观的超越,是历史逻辑与现实逻辑、理论逻辑与实践逻辑的辩证统一。