行政垄断还是自然垄断——国有经济在产业上游保持适当控制权的必要性再探讨

Administrative Monopoly or Natural Monopoly——Reexploring the Necessity of State-owned Economy’s Control on Upstream Industries

本文构建了体现产权类型区别的两国非对称多部门三层嵌套CES生产函数模型,以中国工业企业数据库和海关进出口数据库为基础,通过校准方法综合考察各类产权企业的效率异质性、进入成本异质性、各行业的效率异质性,以及企业、产权、行业层面的需求价格弹性等因素。通过研究上游和基础产业由国有经济垄断、下游产业对于非国有经济放开竞争的垂直垄断竞争市场结构,研判国有经济垄断程度和性质。本文发现,在中国经济中,国有资本和国有企业在上游产业处于控制地位;国有经济部门比非国有经济部门具有更高的垄断性;国有经济的垄断更多体现为自然垄断,而非行政垄断。正是这些特征促进了中国经济在过去40多年长期快速发展,同时,这个机制目前正面临进一步改革的挑战。

This paper constructs a three-tier nested CES production function,two asymmetric countries,multi-sector model,which includes four types of property right.Based on China Industry Business Performance Data and China Customs Trade Data,and using calibration method,this paper comprehensively investigates the efficiency and entry cost heterogeneity of different property right type enterprises,the efficiency heterogeneity of different industries,and the demand price elasticity at enterprise level,property level and industry level.By studying the vertical monopolistic competition market structure where the upstream and fundamental industries are monopolized by state-owned economy and the downstream industries are liberalized to non-state-owned economy,this paper identifies the degree and nature of state-owned economy monopoly:the SOEs and the state capital control the up-stream industries and fundamental industries in China’s economy;the SOEs are more monopolistic than the non-SOEs;the SOEs’monopoly type tend to natural monopoly rather than administrative monopoly.The above elements contribute to the rapid Chinese economiy growth during the last four decades.While,the mechanism is now facing the challenge of further reform.